Curated News: NEJM

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A large international clinical study finds that patients with large strokes had a dramatically better recovery after endovascular thrombectomy plus medical management than patients receiving only standard medical management. The study was published Feb. 10 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with its presentation at the International Stroke Conference in Dallas.

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Researchers tested lambda’s effectiveness using a randomized placebo-controlled trial involving adults with COVID-19 from both Canada and Brazil, who freely volunteered for the study. A total of 931 people received lambda and 1,018 received a placebo. Eighty-three per cent of the trial participants were vaccinated. Researchers ran the lambda trial from June 2021 to March 2022.

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A single-dose of the antiviral drug peginterferon lambda reduced by half the risk of hospitalization or a visit to the Emergency Department due to COVID-19, according to a study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Heart rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest have made headlines in recent months, prompting many to learn more about how the heart beats.

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Below is a brief roundup of news and story ideas from the experts at UCLA Health.

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Sepsis can cause dangerously low blood pressure, which is typically treated with intravenous (IV) fluids and/or a vasopressor, a drug that causes constriction of the blood vessels. Whether treatment of sepsis-induced low pressure should primarily be treated with IV fluids or vasopressors has been debated for decades with no clear answer.

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Patients hospitalized with fractures typically receive an injectable blood thinner, low-molecular-weight heparin, to prevent life-threatening blood clots.

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Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic condition of the esophagus that is on the rise throughout the United States. Patients with the condition typically have inflammation throughout their esophagus and trouble swallowing food – known as dysphagia.Without proper treatment, the lining of the esophagus becomes fibrous, and the passage becomes so narrowed, or strictured, that food can lodge in the esophagus, requiring medical attention.

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An analysis published today in the New England Journal of Medicine describes the significant benefits The Inflation Reduction Act offers to improve public health through tax credits and other financial incentives.

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In the Phase I/II CodeBreaK 100 trial, the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib achieved meaningful anticancer activity with an acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with KRAS G12C-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

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Research published in the New England Journal of Medicine has shown that a computerized program enhanced with driving simulation training with feedback lowers the risk of car crashes for teenagers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

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A roundup of the latest research discoveries and faculty news at Cedars-Sinai.

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Researchers found that using buprenorphine to treat opioid-use disorder during pregnancy may result in better outcomes for the baby than methadone.

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The Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai has selected board-certified cardiothoracic surgeon Tyler Gunn, MD, to be the director of the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, or ECMO, Program in the Department of Cardiac Surgery.

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Once considered a potentially static field of medicine, the discipline of studying infectious diseases has proven to be dynamic as emerging and reemerging infectious diseases present continuous challenges, Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., writes in a perspective in The New England Journal of Medicine.

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Fifty-five percent of CareConnect’s patients with opioid use disorder had an active prescription for treatment a month after first engaging with the program

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Writing in the Nov. 17 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, two telemedicine experts and a historian at Johns Hopkins Medicine say audio-only telephone visits are an essential link to health care providers for patients without access to video visit options.

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In a study of pregnant women in the United States, Cedars-Sinai investigators found that a specific imbalance of two placental proteins could predict which women were at risk of developing a severe form of preeclampsia, a life-threatening blood pressure disorder.

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A national study led by UBC researchers at the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation is shedding light on how to more effectively treat atrial fibrillation (AF) – a common heart rhythm problem associated with increased risk of stroke and heart failure.

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A targeted therapy for children with high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma significantly reduced relapse rates, a large multicenter clinical trial conducted by the Children’s Oncology Group shows. The study results have been reported in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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New onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with diabetes is highest among racial and ethnic minority groups compared with white persons, a UCLA-Providence study finds. The study, published as a letter to the editor in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that new onset CKD rates were higher by approximately 60%, 40%, 33%, and 25% in the Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latino populations, respectively, compared to white persons with diabetes.

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The administration of supplemental oxygen has long been one of the most common therapies in the treatment of hospitalized patients.

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The more hours someone works each week in a stressful job, the more their risk of depression rises, a study in new doctors finds. Working 90 or more hours a week was associated with changes in depression symptom scores three times larger than the change in depression symptoms among those working 40 to 45 hours a week. And a higher percentage of those who worked a large number of hours had scores high enough to qualify for a diagnosis of moderate to severe depression

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A device known as a bionic pancreas, which uses next-generation technology to automatically deliver insulin, was more effective at maintaining blood glucose (sugar) levels within normal range than standard-of-care management among people with type 1 diabetes, a new multicenter clinical trial has found.

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Telemedicine-driven program cut the time from an initial new patient visit to fertility treatment from more than two months to 41 days

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Ethics of ‘eyeball test’ and algorithms explored in essay

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T cells engineered to target the cell protein GPRC5D produced impressive results in its first clinical trial in patients with multiple myeloma, researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center report in a new study in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Um novo tipo de cardioversor desfibrilador implantável (CDI) extravascular usando um eletrodo (um fio fino) colocado atrás do esterno cumpre os objetivos de segurança e eficácia em participantes de estudo clínico global antes do lançamento no mercado. O dispositivo interrompeu com eficiência arritmias ventriculares agudas e crônicas potencialmente fatais. As descobertas foram apresentadas durante uma sessão de última hora no Congresso da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia e publicados no The New England Journal of Medicine simultaneamente.

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Un nuevo tipo de desfibrilador cardioversor implantable (ICD, por sus siglas en inglés) extravascular que emplea un cable (un alambre delgado) detrás del esternón cumplió con los objetivos de seguridad y efectividad en los participantes de un estudio clínico global previo a la comercialización. El dispositivo eliminó efectivamente arritmias ventriculares agudas y crónicas que podrían ser mortales. Los resultados se presentaron durante el Congreso de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología y simultáneamente se publicó en The New England Journal of Medicine (Revista de Medicina de Nueva Inglaterra).

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An international phase 3 clinical trial for a rare, inherited form of ALS led by Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, showed that an investigational drug, known as tofersen, reduced molecular signs of the fatal disease, but at six months did not improve motor control and muscle strength. However, the trial, which was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Biogen, found evidence that longer-term use of the drug may help stabilize muscle strength and control.

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A study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) found that among patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVR, the use of a debris capturing device called cerebral embolic protection reduced the risk of disabling stroke from 1.3% to 0.5%.

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Bloodstream levels of a protein fragment called endotrophin can be used to predict outcomes in patients with a common form of heart failure, according to a study co-led by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

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In an international, multicenter Phase II clinical trial led by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 63.3% of patients with stage II–IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) saw their tumors nearly or completely disappear when treated with immunotherapy before surgery.

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Patients who received trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low metastatic breast cancer reported that the treatment maintained their quality of life (QoL) compared to conventional chemotherapy, according to results presented today by researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2022.

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Neutralizing antibody levels against the original COVID-19 virus and omicron variants in vaccinated adults tend to decline by at least 15% per month after a single booster shot, a new study using serum from human blood samples suggests.

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Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection is more effective in pregnancy than some other ART regimens commonly used in the U.S. and Europe, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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New commentary from experts at Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia outlines how health systems can help build black wealth, including helping people connect to key services.

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A new type of extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) using a lead (thin wire) placed behind the sternum met safety and effectiveness goals for participants in a premarket global clinical study. The device effectively terminated acute and chronic life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The findings were presented during a late-breaking session at the European Society of Cardiology Congress and were simultaneously published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

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A three-drug medication known as a “polypill,” developed by the Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) and Ferrer, is effective in preventing secondary adverse cardiovascular events in people who have previously had a heart attack, reducing cardiovascular mortality by 33 percent in this patient population.