A new method of tracking dark matter using the faint “intracluster” glow within massive galaxy clusters could shed light on the elusive nature of dark matter -- a major mystery of modern astrophysics.
Magnetic recording is the primary technology underpinning today’s large-scale data storage, and companies are racing to develop new hard disk devices capable of recording densities greater than 1 terabit per square inch. In AIP Advances, from AIP Publishing, a group of researchers in India report their work tweaking the L10 phase, or crystallographic orientation, of an iron and platinum alloy as a solution.
A computer-generated model developed by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers adds to evidence that providing universal vaccination against meningitis B infection to students entering college may be too costly to justify the absolute number of cases it would prevent. The study also suggests that if vaccine developers could significantly lower the price, universal vaccination might be worth requiring on college campuses.
Research completed at Johns Hopkins and the Greater Baltimore Medical Center has demonstrated that vaginal childbirth substantially increases the probability a woman will develop a pelvic floor disorder later in life.
Ashlee Mattingly, PharmD, BCPS, assistant professor at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, will collaborate with leaders of the University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI).
Janice Bowie, PhD, MPH, an expert in health disparities and community-based research methods, has been named director of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) program.
Despite the looming ecological consequences, glacier motion remains poorly understood. The roughness of bedrock, the temperature of the ice-bed interface and the presence of water-filled cavities all affect friction and influence how the ice will flow, but studying these factors poses unique challenges -- remote radar sensing by satellites and aircraft can track glacial movement, but it can’t peer through thousands of feet of ice to measure detailed properties of the ice and rock. In The Journal of Chemical Physics, Bo Persson describes a new model of ice friction that offers crucial insight into glacier flows.
In Afghanistan’s most underdeveloped regions, attitudes towards education and child marriage appear to have changed significantly since the overthrow of the Taliban government in 2002, according to a study led by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
In a tuberculosis screening and treatment initiative covering the entire population of Tibetan refugee schoolchildren in northern India, a team directed by researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine and the University of Wisconsin says it has found not only a startlingly high prevalence of TB disease and infection, but also a potentially workable strategy to eliminate the disease in a large, high-risk group.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center discovered a combination of a cancer vaccine with two checkpoint drugs reduced pancreatic cancer tumors in mice, demonstrating a possible pathway for treatment of people with pancreatic cancers whose response to standard immunotherapy is poor.
Magnetic field sensors can enhance applications that require efficient electric energy management. Improving magnetic field sensors below the picoTesla range could enable a technique to measure brain activity at room temperature with millisecond resolution without superconducting quantum interference device technology, which requires cryogenic temperatures to work. Researchers explored enhancing the magnetoresistance ratio in a CPP-GMR device by using a half-metallic Heusler CoFeAl0.5Si0.5 alloy. They report their findings in the Journal of Applied Physics.
In microelectronic devices, the bandgap is a major factor determining the electrical conductivity of the underlying materials, and a more recent class of semiconductors with ultrawide bandgaps are capable of operating at much higher temperatures and powers than conventional small-bandgap silicon-based chips. In the Journal of Applied Physics, researchers provide a detailed perspective on the properties, capabilities, current limitations and future developments for one of the most promising UWB compounds, gallium oxide.
In a review of registry data for more than 5,300 liver transplants performed in children nationwide, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers identify the type of patient who is most likely to survive a split liver transplant—receiving only part of a donor’s liver—with no additional long-term health risks, which could allow for an increase in the availability of organs. A report on the new study is published in the December issue of the journal Liver Transplantation.
Scientists have found DNA evidence for the southward migration of the people who spread the so-called Clovis culture of North America. But starting about 9,000 years ago, these people were replaced by a distinct population.
If you've ever passed a kidney stone, you know how painful it can be. Approximately 19 million people experience kidney stones every year, and research shows people with kidney stones have a significantly higher risk of reoccurrence.
Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Rebecca Cerrato, one of the first surgeons in the United States to offer a new minimally invasive bunion surgery, is now joined by colleague Dr. Patrick Maloney, as top rated orthopedic surgeon skilled in the procedure. Drs. Cerrato and Maloney practice at The Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, MD.
Interactions with water dominate how drug molecules bind to targets, but it’s tricky to model these interactions, limiting the accuracy of drug design. In a recent paper in The Journal of Chemical Physics, William A. Goddard III and Saber Naserifar from the California Institute of Technology describe their novel approach to building a new description of water (known as a force field) and demonstrate its accuracy.
When improved antidepressants hit the market in the 1980s, heavy drinking among people with depression dropped 22 percent, suggesting people who knowingly use drugs and alcohol to relieve mental and physical pain will switch to safer, better treatment options when they can get them,
Results of a medical records study of more than 7,000 patients awaiting a lung transplant in the United States affirm the basis of a court filing in 2017 that called the organ allocation system geographically “rigged” in some regions of the nation.
In a study of adolescent mice with a version of a gene linked to serious human mental illnesses, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they have uncovered a possible explanation for how marijuana may damage the brains of some human teens.
Lab simulations nix common wisdom that atmospheric oxygen and organic compounds are good evidence that a planet harbors life.
Results of a medical records study of children with Crohn’s disease by Johns Hopkins researchers have added substantial evidence for a strong and direct link between malnutrition and increased risk of surgical complications and poor outcomes.
NIBIB-funded researchers are literally breaking barriers using ultrasound waves emitted from a flexible patch to accurately measure central blood pressure and help detect cardiovascular problems earlier. For a while now, smart, wearable devices have had the ability to capture how many steps we take in a day or measure our heart rate, but researchers are starting to take it a step further.
Face masks appear to provide important protection against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria for hog farm workers and for household members to whom they might otherwise transmit the bacteria, according to a study led by scientists at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The Biophysical Society (BPS) announced that Jennifer Pesanelli has been selected as the next Executive Officer of the Society. Current Executive Officer Ro Kampman announced her retirement in June. Pesanelli joins BPS from the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), where she has held a number of positions over the last 20 years.
The Biophysical Society (BPS) announced that Jennifer Pesanelli has been selected as the next Executive Officer of the Society. Current Executive Officer Ro Kampman announced her retirement in June. Pesanelli joins BPS from the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), where she has held a number of positions over the last 20 years.
Using a mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) — a potentially fatal condition that causes a premature infant’s gut to suddenly die — researchers at Johns Hopkins say they have uncovered the molecular causes of the condition and its associated brain injury. The discovery enabled the team to combine efforts with colleagues studying brain inflammation and to identify potential drugs that reverse the brain injury in mice.
In their quest to learn more about planets beyond our own solar system, astronomers discovered that a medium-sized planet roughly the size of Neptune is evaporating at a rate 100 times faster than a previously discovered planet of similar size.
To date, astronomers have discovered two warm Neptunes that are leaking their atmospheres into space. The most recent finding using Hubble, a planet cataloged as GJ 3470b, is losing its atmosphere at a rate 100 times faster than that of the previously discovered evaporating warm Neptune, GJ 436b.
Johns Hopkins researchers have observed a previously unrecognized behavior in a single-celled parasite called Spironucleus vortens, which infects ornamental fish such as angelfish: The protozoans swarm.
Researchers at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, have created a noninvasive technology that detects when nerve cells fire based on changes in shape. The method could be used to observe nerve activity in light-accessible parts of the body, such as the eye, which would allow physicians to quantitatively monitor visual function at the cellular level.
Increasing one’s level of physical activity may be an effective way to boost one’s mood, according to a new study from a team including scientists at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program.
“A Preface to Strategy: The Foundations of American National Security,” a new paper from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory’s Senior Fellows, examines the nation’s core strengths and how they should shape new strategies.
The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing (JHSON) will receive the largest grant ever given by the Rita & Alex Hillman Foundation to a single nurse-driven innovation, marking JHSON’s leadership in transformative models of care that focus on social determinants of health. The grant, totaling nearly $3 million, will fund large-scale, national implementation of JHSON’s Community Aging in Place Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) program.
Astronomers will use the upcoming NASA James Webb Space Telescope to study star birth in the nearby Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which contains some of the same conditions that existed in galaxies during the universe’s peak star-formation epoch.
New research suggests that exercise is a key factor in reducing colorectal cancer risk after weight loss. According to the study, physical activity causes beneficial changes in the bone marrow. The study is published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism.
In a study of medical records pulled from a national database, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have found that underrepresented populations are less likely than others to be eligible for hip or knee replacement surgeries because they do not meet certain rigid—and in their opinion unfairly applied—hospital requirements for surgery, such as weight, blood sugar and tobacco use limits. Such cutoffs, say the researchers, designed to lower costs and in some cases complications, deny minority and lower income groups access to treatments that would improve their quality of life.
A company in Israel has unveiled the world’s first lab-grown steak, grown in a petri dish with the taste and texture of one that comes from a cow. Jan Dutkiewicz, a postdoctoral fellow in political science at Johns Hopkins University has researched the emergence of cellular agriculture. He is available to talk about the new steak and offer perspective on the development.
In a medical records analysis of information gathered on more than 6,000 people, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers conclude that simply asking older adult patients about their weight history at ages 20 and 40 could provide real value to clinicians in their efforts to predict patients’ future risk of heart failure, heart attacks or strokes.
The Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences at Johns Hopkins has named three new leaders within its ranks to strengthen opportunities for faculty development, build connections with scientists in clinical-based departments and represent basic science interests among the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s Research Council.
When households in sub-Saharan Africa don’t have an adequate number of insecticide-treated bed nets, pregnant women and children under five are the most likely family members to sleep under the ones they have, leaving men and school-aged children more exposed to malaria, new Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs (CCP) research suggests.
Celldance, a program of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), helps researchers tell the story of their research through video. Two new Celldance videos premiere Tuesday, Dec. 11 at the Society’s annual meeting, held jointing with the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO), in San Diego, CA. For 2018, the two teams selected to produce Celldance videos come from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Ryerson University in Toronto, ON.
Americans trust their state governments to handle issues as important as education and health care and pay them more than a trillion dollars in taxes annually, yet we know very little about these institutions.
A molecular pathway that’s frequently mutated in many different forms of cancer becomes active when cells push parts of their membranes outward into bulging protrusions, Johns Hopkins researchers report in a new study. The finding, published Nov. 7 in Nature Communications, could eventually lead to new targets for cancer-fighting therapeutics.
The growing domination of local homebuilding markets by relatively few firms has slowed the housing industry, posing a risk to the overall American economy, two researchers at Johns Hopkins University demonstrate in a new study.
If you are wondering how long you personally are willing to stand in line to buy that hot new holiday gift, scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine say the answer may be found in the biological rules governing how animals typically forage for food and other rewards.
Bethesda, MD, December 4, 2018 – Human organoids are being hailed as a major development in biomedicine in a report issued by the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) to be released Monday, Dec. 10 at a session at the 2018 ASCB|EMBO Meeting in San Diego, CA.
A new website with interactive sliders lets visitors explore the multiwavelength cosmos and learn the secrets that are revealed by going beyond visible light.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified in live human brains new radioactive “tracer” molecules that bind to and “light up” tau tangles, a protein associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and other related dementias.
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