University of Adelaide experts, who are part of the international community of researchers investigating the fundamental physical properties of atoms, may have come across a new paradigm for the way atomic nuclei are built.
Nearly a century after Italian physicist Ettore Majorana laid the groundwork for the discovery that electrons could be divided into halves, researchers predict that split photons may also exist, according to a study from Dartmouth and SUNY Polytechnic Institute researchers.
The lead of SDSC’s Distributed High-Throughput Computing Group, executive director of the Open Science Grid, a physics professor and a founding faculty member of the Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute at UC San Diego becomes SDSC's new director.
Current simulations of cosmic structure formation do not accurately reproduce the properties of ghost-like particles called neutrinos that have been present in the Universe since its beginning. But now, a research team from Japan has devised an approach that solves this problem.
The international Forward Search Experiment team, led by physicists at the University of California, Irvine, has achieved the first-ever detection of neutrino candidates produced by the Large Hadron Collider at the CERN facility near Geneva, Switzerland.
Neutrinos may be the key to finally solving a mystery of the origins of our matter-dominated universe, and preparations for two major, billion-dollar experiments are underway to reveal the particles’ secrets. Now, a team of nuclear physicists have turned to the humble electron to provide insight for how these experiments can better prepare to capture critical information. GENIE is simulation framework made of many models that each help physicists reproduce certain aspects of interactions between neutrinos and nuclei to help understand their experimental results. Since so little is known about neutrinos, it’s difficult to directly test GENIE to ensure it will produce both accurate and high-precision results from the new data that will be provided by future neutrino experiments. In this study, the team used an electron-scattering version of GENIE, dubbed e-GENIE, to test the same incoming energy reconstruction algorithms that neutrino researchers will use. Instead of using neutrinos, the
Physicists have created a new ultra-thin two-layer material with quantum properties that normally require rare earth compounds. This material, which is relatively easy to make and does not contain rare earth metals, could provide a new platform for quantum computing and advance research into unconventional superconductivity and quantum criticality.
At Argonne National Laboratory, staff scientist Jinlong Zhang performs R&D on the CERN ATLAS and DAQ systems. These systems select and collect data from the billion-plus proton-proton collisions per second in particle physics experiments.
On Oct. 25, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility welcomed U.S. Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm and honored guests for a short tour of the lab and briefing on its research mission and plans for the future.
New results from a more-than-decade long physics experiment offer insight into unexplained electron-like events found in previous experiments. Results of the MicroBooNE experiment, while not confirming the existence of a proposed new particle, the sterile neutrino, provide a path forward to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, the theory of the fundamental forces of nature and elementary particles.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory developed a software toolkit that reconstructs and isolates neutrino data in 3D. This software directly enabled the long-awaited findings from the MicroBooNE experiment released today by Fermilab in four complementary analyses. The Wire-Cell team at Brookhaven Lab led one of the four analyses—the most sensitive analysis of the electron-neutrino interaction. Some components of the Wire-Cell toolkit were also used in the other three analyses.
For more than a decade, scientists have wondered whether a theorized new particle, a fourth kind of neutrino called the sterile neutrino, might exist in our universe. Evidence of this would add a new particle to the physicists’ best theory, the Standard Model of Particle Physics. A new particle would be a radical shift in our understanding of the basic building blocks of the universe. MicroBooNE’s four new experimental results all show the same thing: no sign of the sterile neutrino. Instead, the results align with the Standard Model of Particle Physics. With sterile neutrinos further disfavored as the explanation for anomalies spotted in neutrino data, scientists are investigating other possibilities. Unexplained data point toward promising research areas and lead us to more fundamental truths about how physics works at the smallest level.
To form, cloud droplets need aerosol particles and humidity in the atmosphere. Scientists previously believed cloud droplets formed only when the humidity rose above 100%. Now, new research found that if the humidity falls below 100%, the primary driver of cloud formation involves small changes in humidity caused by turbulence.
Researchers have long suspected a connection between information and the physical universe, with various paradoxes and thought experiments used to explore how or why information could be encoded in physical matter. In AIP Advances, a University of Portsmouth researcher attempts to shed light on exactly how much of this information is out there and presents a numerical estimate for the amount of encoded information in all the visible matter in the universe -- approximately 6 times 10 to the power of 80 bits of information.
The American Physical Society (APS) has elected two scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory as 2021 APS fellows. The awardees are Kétévi Adiklè Assamagan and Swagato Mukherjee.
Spawned by the spins of electrons in magnetic materials, these tiny whirlpools behave like independent particles and could be the future of computing. Experiments with SLAC’s X-ray laser are revealing their secrets.
College of William and Mary associate professor and Jefferson Lab staff scientist Jozef Dudek focused on a previously unexplored, numerical approach to study unstable hadrons and pioneered theoretical techniques to find answers.
Researchers have discovered a hard-to-observe type of spin called Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) in a quantum mechanical system. Their findings demonstrate that KPZ motion accurately describes the changes in time of spin chains—linear channels of spins that interact with one another—in certain quantum materials. This could eventually be harnessed for real-world applications such as heat transport and spintronics.
Accelerator scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility have developed a model for a cheaper and easier preparation method for getting better performance from particle accelerators. Further, preliminary tests of the new model show that it may soon provide scientists the ability to predict the best material preparation method for specific performance goals. The results from this study were recently published in Applied Physics Letters.
The earliest solids formed in the solar system give clues to what radioactive species were made by the young sun, and which ones were inherited. By studying isotopic variations of the elements vanadium (V) and strontium (Sr), an international team of researchers including scientists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory found that those variations are not caused by irradiation from the sun but are produced by condensation and evaporation reactions in the early solar system.
After 20 years of trying, scientists doped a 1D copper oxide chain and found a surprisingly strong attraction between electrons that may factor into the material’s superconducting powers.
Quantum computers become ever more powerful, but how can we be sure that the answers they return are accurate? A team of physicists from Vienna, Innsbruck, Oxford, and Singapore solves this problem by letting quantum computers check each other.
To reduce the need for computer power, researchers typically simulate how quarks combine to make up larger particles by simulating quarks heavier than quarks found in nature. Now, using the Summit supercomputer, a team simulated much lighter quarks than possible in the past. This produced more realistic results that will help scientists investigate the Higgs boson.
Researchers have made the first direct observation of how hydrogen atoms in water molecules tug and push neighboring water molecules when they are excited with laser light.
Protons inside the nucleus cling to neighboring protons and neutrons. However, it may be possible to knock out protons so that they interact less with nearby particles as they exit the nucleus, a phenomenon called color transparency. Physicists have observed color transparency in two-quark particles. But physicists hunting for signs of color transparency in protons in a more complicated three-quark system recently came up empty handed.
Expert Q&A: Do breakthrough cases mean we will soon need COVID boosters? The extremely contagious Delta variant continues to spread, prompting mask mandates, proof of vaccination, and other measures. Media invited to ask the experts about these and related topics.
At North Carolina State University, associate professor James Kneller studies neutrinos emitted from exploding stars.
How long do coronaviruses remain infectious on banknotes and coins? Is it possible to become infected through contact with cash?
Scientists studying particle collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have produced definitive evidence for two physics phenomena predicted more than 80 years ago: that matter/antimatter can be generated directly from collisions of photons and that a magnetic field can bend polarized light along different paths in a vacuum.
In the depths of space, there are celestial bodies where extreme conditions prevail: Rapidly rotating neutron stars generate super-strong magnetic fields.
Sandia National Laboratories is developing a new kind of imaging system that will enable people to safely examine sealed metal boxes when opening them could be dangerous.
A breakthrough imaging technique has enabled Cornell University researchers to gain new insights into how tiny ligands bind to the surface of nanoparticles and change a particle’s shape.
Imagine a dust particle in a storm cloud, and you can get an idea of a neutron's insignificance compared to the magnitude of the molecule it inhabits.
Every year, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory opens its gates to thousands of community members for open house events called Summer Sundays. Visitors get to meet the Lab’s scientists and tour a different world-class science facility each week, including the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)—all DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
States of local broken symmetry at high temperature—observed in several materials, including one with a metal-insulator transition, an iron-based superconductor, and an insulating mineral part of the Earth's upper mantle—may enable the technologically relevant properties arising at much-lower temperature.
Today, the U.S. Department of Energy awarded over $2.85 million with a focus on broadening and diversifying the nuclear and particle physics research communities through research traineeships for undergraduates from Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other Minority Serving Institutions.
Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced $3.5 million for 23 collaborative research projects in high energy physics that involve substantial collaboration with Japanese investigators.
A machine learning system is helping operators resolve routine faults at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The system monitors the accelerator cavities, where faults can trip off the CEBAF. The system identified which cavities were tripping off about 85% of the time and identified the type of fault about 78% of the time.
A UMass Lowell geologist is among the researchers who have discovered a new type of manmade quasicrystal created by the first test blast of an atomic bomb.
Among the many scientists who push the frontiers of knowledge at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the Panofsky fellows stand out.
Scientific rules about “chiral symmetry” predict the existence of subatomic particles called pions. The lifetime of a neutrally charged pion is tied to breaking of chiral symmetry. Until recently, measurements of this lifetime have been much less precise than calculations from theory. Physicists have now measured a pion’s lifetime more precisely than ever before.
A new analysis of collisions of gold ions shows signs of a “critical point,” a change in the way one form of matter changes into another. The results hint at changes in the type of transition during the shift from particles to the quark-and-gluon “soup” that filled the early universe. This helps scientists understand how particles interact and what holds them together.
A new robotics project named Argonaut at the Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will share that same name and spirit of adventure. Argonaut’s mission will be to monitor conditions within ultracold particle detectors by voyaging into a sea of liquid argon kept at minus-193 degrees Celsius — as cold as some of the moons of Saturn and Jupiter.
New international partnership between San Diego Supercomputer Center and particle physics powerhouse CERN leverages alliance with Strategic Blue, a UK-based Fintech company that helps organizations optimize procurement of cloud services.
A novel technique for studying vortices in quantum fluids has been developed by Lancaster physicists.
呼吸气溶胶是呼吸气体的常见组成部分，也是COVID-19等呼吸道病毒传播给他人和各种表面的常见途径。在妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic) 对心脏病患者进行运动负荷试验的研究人员发现，随着运动强度的增加，房间周围气溶胶的浓度也会增加。他们还发现，高效微粒空气过滤器(HEPA)可有效地过滤气溶胶，减少患者之间更换清新空气所需的时间。
مدينة روتشستر، ولاية مينيسوتا — رذاذ الأيروسول التنفسي مكون شائع للنفس، وطريقة شائعة لنشر فيروسات الجهاز التنفسي مثل فيروس كورونا المستجد (كوفيد-19) إلى الأشخاص والأسطح الأخرى. وجد الباحثون الذين أجروا اختبارات الإجهاد المتعلقة بالتمارين لمرضى القلب في مايو كلينك أن ممارسة الرياضة بمستويات متزايدة من المجهود تزيد من تركيز الأيروسول في الغرفة المحيطة. ووجدوا أيضًا أن منقيات جزيئات الهواء عالية الكفاءة (HEPA) ترشح رذاذ الأيروسول بشكل فعال وتقلل الوقت اللازم لتنقية الهواء بين المرضى.
Aerossóis respiratórios são um componente comum da respiração e são uma forma comum de vírus respiratórios, como o COVID-19 , se espalharem para outras pessoas e superfícies. Os pesquisadores que realizam testes de esforço físico para pacientes cardíacos na Mayo Clinic descobriram que praticar exercícios em níveis crescentes de esforço aumentava a concentração de aerossol no ambiente ao redor. Eles também descobriram que um filtro de ar particulado de alta eficiência (HEPA) filtrou de forma eficaz os aerossóis e diminuiu o tempo necessário para limpar o ar entre os pacientes.
Los aerosoles respiratorios son un componente común de la respiración y constituyen una vía común de propagación de virus respiratorios como la COVID-19 a personas y superficies. Los investigadores que realizan pruebas de esfuerzo físico en pacientes con problemas cardíacos en Mayo Clinic hallaron que el ejercicio a niveles mayores de esfuerzo aumentaba la concentración de aerosoles en el entorno circundante. Además, descubrieron que el filtro recogedor de partículas de alta eficiencia (HEPA, por sus siglas en inglés) descartaba de manera eficaz los aerosoles y disminuía el tiempo necesario para purificar el aire entre los pacientes.
They may be tiny weapons, but Brigham Young University's holography research group has figured out how to create lightsabers -- green for Yoda and red for Darth Vader, naturally -- with actual luminous beams rising from them.
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