The ScienceA team of scientists investigated the pathway by which chromosomal inversions - in which a segment of the chromosome was removed, flipped and then re-inserted - contribute to speciation in nature.
The ImpactThis study offers the first direct evidence showing that QTLs, genome regions on chromosomes to which genetic traits can be mapped, are a driving force behind speciation. While it’s known that chromosomal inversions contribute to speciation, it had not been clear whether or not this occurs due to: 1) a slow accumulation of mutations on older inversions; or, 2) young inversions that capture QTLs during the beginning stages of speciation.
SummaryOn the slopes of the Northern Rocky Mountains, the flowering mustard plant Boechera stricta is undergoing a quiet transformation—that is, evolving into a fitter species better adapted to its local environment. Led by Thomas Mitchell-Olds of Duke University, a team including researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, analyzed the mechanisms by which Boechera stricta living in a hybrid zone in the Northern Rocky Mountains experienced positive directional selection.
As part of the DOE JGI’s Community Science Program and Emerging Technologies Opportunity Program, the researchers sequenced and analyzed the genome of Boechera stricta, a relative of the model plant Arabidopsis. With the genome in hand, they used techniques including gene mapping and chromosome painting methods to identify a major chromosomal inversion that controls ecologically important traits in the plant. They tested for QTLs - regions of the genome where the DNA codes for genetic traits - in Boechera stricta’s chromosomal inversion. They found several linked QTLs that changed ecologically important characteristics of the plant such as flowering time and plant size, enabling it to adapt to its local environment, which in turn increased its fitness.
“Here, in Boechera stricta we are capturing that moment of selection—the moment when the subpopulation with the inversion takes over from the pre-inversion genotype and outcompetes it,” said DOE JGI Plant Program Head Jeremy Schmutz, a co-author on the study. “The inversion fixes a set of alleles in the population. Here the set of fixed alleles improves survivability over the previous genotypes.”
The knowledge gained from this study, published April 3, 2017 in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, “gives evolutionary biologists experimental evidence showing how chromosomal changes contribute to adaptation and speciation. Furthermore, the genome sequence will help us understand how Boechera species are able to reproduce asexually by seeds, a process that can be used by farmers to speed up crop improvement practices,” said senior author and DOE JGI collaborator Thomas Mitchell-Olds of Duke University.
ContactsDaniel Drell, Ph.D.Program ManagerBiological Systems Sciences DivisionOffice of Biological and Environmental ResearchOffice of ScienceU.S. Department of Energy[email protected]
Jeremy SchmutzPlant Program HeadDOE Joint Genome Institute[email protected]
Funding• DOE Office of Science• National Science Foundation• EMBO• Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology• Swedish Research Council• Czech Science Foundation• National Institutes of Health• AXA Research Fund• Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona
Publications• Lee CR et al. Young inversion with multiple linked QTLs under selection in a hybrid zone. Nat. Ecol. Evol. (2017) doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0119
Related Links• Boechera stricta study on plant flowering time: http://jgi.doe.gov/soil-microbiomes-can-set-plant-flowering-time/• Boechera stricta genome on Phytozome: https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?alias=Org_Bstricta• Community Science Program: http://jgi.doe.gov/user-program-info/community-science-program/• Emerging Technologies Opportunities Program: http://jgi.doe.gov/doe-joint-genome-institute-expands-capabilities-via-new-partnerships/
***The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, is committed to advancing genomics in support of DOE missions related to clean energy generation and environmental characterization and cleanup. DOE JGI, headquartered in Walnut Creek, Calif., provides integrated high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis that enable systems-based scientific approaches to these challenges. Follow @doe_jgi on Twitter.
DOE’s Office of Science is the largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.
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