3D-Printed Alloys Offer Improved Strength and Ductility
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have potential uses in applications involving severe wear and tear, extreme temperatures, radiation, and high stress, but HEAs made using additive manufacturing often have poor ductility. Scientists have now used laser-based additive manufacturing to form stronger and more ductile HEAs.
Gigabytes of Data? Real-Time Analysis Is Easy with this New Approach
Modern detectors are revolutionizing electron microscopy but collect massive amounts of data at ultrafast rates, requiring extensive amounts of computer time and power to analyze.
Custom software speeds up, stabilizes high-profile ocean model
Most modern ocean models focus on two categories of waves: a barotropic system, which has a fast wave propagation speed, and a baroclinic system, which has a slow wave propagation speed. To help address the challenge of simulating these two modes simultaneously, a team from DOE's Oak Ridge, Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories has developed a new solver algorithm that reduces the total run time of the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Ocean, or MPAS-Ocean, E3SM's ocean circulation model, by 45%.
A promising pairing: Scientists demonstrate new combination of materials for quantum science
For the first time, scientists publish results on a new chip composed of diamond and lithium niobate. The results demonstrate the combination as a promising candidate for quantum devices.
More Range for Electric Vehicle Batteries on the Horizon
A seemingly simple shift in lithium-ion battery manufacturing could pay big dividends, improving electric vehicles' ability to store more energy per charge and to withstand more charging cycles.
Bridging Theory and Fusion Experiments through Physics-Informed Deep Learning
The extreme conditions in fusion experiments limit the ability of diagnostic tools to collect data on plasmas. This makes it difficult to compare models against measurements from experimental fusion devices.
"Energy Droughts" in Wind and Solar Can Last Nearly a Week, Research Shows
Understanding the risk of compound energy droughts--times when the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow--will help grid planners understand where energy storage is needed most
Using Gravitational Waves to Observe Thermal Effects in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
As two neutron stars orbit one another, they release gravitational waves that sap energy from the orbit until the two stars eventually collide and merge.
Advisory panel issues field-defining recommendations for investments in particle physics research
Yesterday marked the release of a highly anticipated report from the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5), unveiling an exciting new roadmap for unlocking the secrets of the cosmos through particle physics.The report was released by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel to the High Energy Physics program of the Office of Science of the U.
Advisory Panel Issues Field-Defining Recommendations for U.S. Government Investments in Particle Physics Research
The High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) to the High Energy Physics program of the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation's Division of Physics has released a new Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report, which outlines particle physicists' recommendations for research priorities in the field.
Time-tested magnesium oxide: Unveiling CO2 absorption dynamics
Magnesium oxide is a promising material for capturing carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere and injecting it deep underground to limit the effects of climate change. But making the method economical will require discovering the speed at which carbon dioxide is absorbed and how environmental conditions affect the chemical reactions involved.
AI Doctor Keeps a Mile-Long Particle Accelerator Healthy
Particle accelerators are incredibly complex. Operators must continuously monitor performance and sensors to identify problems in the devices.
When in a Plasma of Quarks and Gluons, Not All Jets Radiate Equally
Colliding nuclei at high speeds melts their constituent quarks and gluons into a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Quarks and gluons from the colliding nuclei also sometimes ricochet off one another very early on in the collision and form sprays of energetic particles known as jets. These jets lose their energy as they exit the plasma, with wide jets losing more energy than narrow jets. Researchers have confirmed that the plasma treats each prong of a jet independently only when the prongs are separated by a sufficiently large angle.
Neutrons score electrochemical win for carbon-neutral ammonia
Scientists from Stanford University and the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are turning air into fertilizer without leaving a carbon footprint.
When do brains grow up?
Mice typically live two years and monkeys live 25 years, but the brains of both appear to develop their synapses at the same time. This finding, published in a recent study led by neuroscientist Bobby Kasthuri of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and his colleagues at the University of Chicago, is a shock for neuroscientists.
Collisions Change How Fast Ions Surf on Plasma Waves in Fusion Experiments and Beyond
Fast ions that heat plasma in a fusion device can resonate with waves in the plasma, potentially causing waves to grow and kick the fast ions out of the device. This research used mathematical calculations and computer simulations to examine these resonant interactions to reveal how different types of collisions compete to determine the way energy transfers between the resonant particles and the plasma waves. The results will aid in models of how to keep plasmas hot enough to sustain fusion reactions.
Researchers decode aqueous amino acid's potential for direct air capture of CO2
Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have made a significant stride toward understanding a viable process for direct air capture, or DAC, of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This DAC process is in early development with the aim of achieving negative emissions, where the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the envelope of gases surrounding Earth exceeds the amount emitted.
Nature Inspires a New Wave of Biotechnology
Researchers are developing a synthetic form of a peptide that self-assembles into nanoscale fibers that conduct electricity when combined with heme. They determined how key properties of the peptide are affected by the length of the sequence of amino acids in the peptide and their identity. These properties include ease of binding the cofactor, assembly, and ability to conduct electricity.
Brainstorming with a Bot
Kevin Yager--leader of the electronic nanomaterials group at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory--has imagined how recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could aid scientific brainstorming and ideation.
X-rays Reveal Unexpected Protein Function in Plants
A team of scientists from Cornell University and the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have revealed an unexpected function of a transport protein and its role in plant regulatory mechanisms. Their research, published in The Plant Cell earlier this year, could help reduce human mineral deficiencies by packing essential micronutrients into edible parts of plants.
Researchers show an old law still holds for quirky quantum materials
An 170-year-old law describing the ratio of heat conductivity to electronic conductivity in metals was thought not to apply to quantum materials. Now theoretical physicists suggest that the Wiedemann-Franz law does, in fact, apply to one class of quantum materials -- the copper oxides, or cuprates.
Researchers invent new way to stretch diamond for better quantum bits
A future quantum network may become less of a stretch thanks to researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, the University of Chicago and Cambridge University.
Theory Offers a High-Resolution View of Quarks Inside Protons
New calculations predicting the spatial distributions of the charges, momentum, and other properties of the quarks within protons found that the up quarks are more symmetrically distributed and spread over a smaller distance within the proton than the down quark. The results imply that these two types of quarks contribute differently to a proton's properties.
Google DeepMind To Add Nearly 400,000 New Compounds to Berkeley Lab's Materials Project
New calculations from Google DeepMind grow Berkeley Lab's Materials Project, an open-access resource that scientists use to develop new materials for future technologies. Some of the computations were used alongside data from the Materials Project to test A-Lab, a facility at Berkeley Lab where artificial intelligence guides robots in making new materials.
Greener solution powers new method for lithium-ion battery recycling
Used lithium-ion batteries from cell phones, laptops and a growing number of electric vehicles are piling up, but options for recycling them remain limited mostly to burning or chemically dissolving shredded batteries.