Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public have found that a simplified regimen of treatment provided protection against tuberculosis in HIV-infected, PPD-positive adults.
The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health will host the first International Health Geographics Conference from Friday, October 16, 1998 through Sunday, October 18, 1998 at the Maritime Institute of Technology & Graduate Studies.
Hopkins School of Public Health Researchers analyzed the content of patient-physician communication and identified five communication patterns that directly impact both patient and physician satisfaction, as well as the quality of care.
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health researcher finds that despite tremendous growth of environmental agencies, the public's health is not a priority. Research lists average per capital expenditures on environmental health state by state.
The enormously successful partnership between professional football players and American Indian teens, which was designed to help those teens stay in school and resist alcohol and drug use, will be highlighted as one of the country's most promising new initiatives at the President's Summit for America's Future. The Summit will take place in Philadelphia, Pa., from April 27 to April 29, chaired by General Colin Powell.
A combination of measuring plasma viral load (the amount of genetic material in circulating virus) and CD4+ lymphocytes in people who are HIV-infected gives the most accurate prediction of the time when those people will develop AIDS. This information forms a critical part of the decision about when to begin antiretroviral therapy.
Researchers have determined which combination of diagnostic and treatment techniques is most cost-effective in preventing a repeated stroke in persons having their first stroke. Those stroke patients who receive a relatively new imaging procedure called transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and have their treatment based on the tests results likely will have significantly fewer strokes later on, with improved quality of life and decreased medical costs. In contrast, another older imaging method widely used in stroke patients, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), often does not see clots in a particular region of the heart where many clots form, thus leaving patients vulnerable to recurrent strokes and higher medical costs. The study appeared in the November 1 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Despite the fact that the United States spends more money per capita on medical care than any other industrialized nation in the world, it ranks in the bottom quartile of a list of 29 industrialized nations in both life expectancy and infant mortality and its relative ranking in both these categories has been declining since 1960.
A Johns Hopkins School of Public Health study of the factors that influence how long a person who needs a liver transplant has to wait has shown that women, Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans, and children waited longer than other groups for transplants.
Scientists using computers to simulate the general circulation of the earth's climate have predicted that rising global temperatures will increase the potential transmission of the dengue fever virus. Dengue fever is now considered the most widespread viral infection transmitted in man by insects, whether measured in terms of the number of human infections or the number of deaths.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have found that how well or poorly a young person interacts with family and peers, participates in school, and controls behavior can reveal the presence or absence of psychiatric disorders much earlier than can traditional indicators such as school failure and contact with police, which appear after problems have already become entrenched. Social role dysfunction can also help indicate whether a teen's psychiatric problems will be acted out as behavior problems or turned inward to cause emotional difficulties.
The overall amount of disruptive behavior in the first grade classroom can influence the course of aggressive behavior in boys through middle school, according to a study by Johns Hopkins School of Public Health researchers. The common practice of grouping many disruptive children together in one classroom may be actively steering those children toward anti-social behavior. The study was published in the Spring 1998 issue of Development and Psychopathology.
The Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, the National Football League Players Association, and the Nick Lowery Charitable Foundation are bringing together 300 American Indian children with 25 heroes from the NFL, the National Basketball Association, and other professional sports leagues. The camp, which will expose the youth to successful professional athletes with healthy lifestyles, is part of the Native Vision Initiative and will take place June 9-11 at the Native Vision Sports and Life Skills Camp on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming.
Although men are three times more likely than women to be killed in car crashes, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine and Public Health have found that, when the total numbers of crashes are considered, female drivers are involved in slightly more crashes than men.
HIV behavioral interventions can cut high-risk sexual behaviors in half and more than double the regular use of condoms, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
More than four percent of the U.S. population suffers from "frequent headaches," defined as headaches that occur at least 180 days a year.
A study of HIV-positive African American women incarcerated for abusing crack cocaine has shown that most shared childhood and adult histories of sexual and physical abuse, which in turn engendered feelings of powerlessness that led to unsafe sex and a greatly increased risk of HIV infection.
A large clinical trial in an Ugandan population heavily infected with HIV has shown that despite reductions in STDs, HIV incidence was not reduced by STD control measures. The findings, by scientists from the Johns Hopkins Schools of Public Health and Medicine, contradicted those of an earlier study in Mwamza, Tanzania, which found that the rate of HIV infection was 38 percent lower after symptomatic STDs were treated in clinics.
Scientists at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have discovered that one of three normal variants of a gene called apolipoprotein-E (APOE) can be used to predict when a person will get Alzheimer's disease, if that person is predisposed to the disorder in the first place.
Patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer receive the most benefit from "compliance interventions"--the strategies doctors use to get patients to follow orders, such as checking whether a person has lost weight, or refilled a prescription, researchers from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have found.
Dietary zinc supplementation may reduce morbidity due to infectious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria, according to studies published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition today (AJCN 1998; 68:2-S).
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have developed and tested a practical new way of grouping populations of adolescents into distinct health "profiles"--unique combinations of mental, physical, and behavioral problems--so that health care workers can plan for the health needs of a population of teenagers.
Two studies by researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and the University of British Columbia in Canada have shown that roughly half the HIV-infected injection drug users studied who were eligible for lifesaving antiretroviral therapy were not receiving it. Both reports appeared in the August 12 issue of JAMA.
In an autopsy study of Alaska Natives, researchers have found the strongest link yet between heart disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), a common bacterium responsible for chronic lung infections. The findings were reported in today's Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that during one three year period, a major motor vehicle manufacturer's workers suffered 35,483 OSHA-recordable injuries, of which, 49 percent resulted in work loss.
A large multidisciplinary study has shown that the amount of water held in the soil of a region, along with such factors as the local vegetation and soil type, can more accurately predict the incidence of malaria outbreaks than more conventional variables such as temperature and rainfall.
Carefully designed interventions, if introduced into first and second grade classrooms, may reduce the risk of children, especially boys, becoming smokers when they get to be teenagers, according to the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
In the largest study of its kind, a group of investigators from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Baltimore and Washington University in St. Louis have found distinct patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evolution in individuals with different rates of disease progression.
Researchers from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have shown that if an HIV- infected woman has half the viral load level (the quantity of HIV-1 virus circulating in the bloodstream) of an infected man, she will develop AIDS as quickly as he. Similarly, if an HIV- infected woman's viral load level
An all-time high in life expectancy, a new low in the national infant mortality rate, and a sixth straight yearly decline in teen pregnancy rates were among the positive U.S. health trends cited in the latest Annual Summary of Vital Statistics published in the December issue of Pediatrics.
Media advisory: A list of the top fifty colleges for African Americans as determined by a survey of 1,077 African American higher education professionals, will be released at a news conference on Tuesday, Dec. 8.
High-school-age persons who enroll in driver education courses do not have fewer motor-vehicle-related violations, crashes, or deaths than those who do not, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
In a group of gay and bisexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus , researchers found that factors other than race explained whether the men had health insurance and whether they used medical and dental services.
A study from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health has found that the security constraints common to most prisons may lead health care workers to engage in risky behaviors that increased their risk of bloodborne infections.
A large clinical trial in a Ugandan population heavily infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shown that despite reductions in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV incidence was not reduced by STD control measures.
A team of researchers has shown that a certain type of chemoprevention used to experimentally deter liver cancer from developing is effective. The researchers gave the drug oltipraz, originally developed to treat schistosomiasis, to a group of people at high risk for developing liver cancer. The oltipraz changed the way in which the study group metabolized aflatoxin, a liver carcinogen produced by a fungus that contaminates foods like corn and peanuts.
In a field trial in 270 villages in rural Nepal, researchers from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health showed that women had their risk of death from pregnancy lowered by about 40 percent after taking dietary supplements of vitamin A or beta-carotene, compared to women who did not take the supplements.
A new study has shown that doctors and nurses lose fewer days from work because of the flu when they are vaccinated annually.
Four pollutants found in house dust add to the ability of a common household insecticide to inhibit an enzyme important in neurologic function in humans, researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health reported in the April 1999 issue of Toxicology Letters.
Evidence-based guidelines for the care of children in emergency situations should be developed and distributed to international relief organizations. The highest mortality rates following armed conflicts, natural disasters, population displacements or famines are often in children younger than five years.
Care at a trauma center lowers by 25 percent the risk of death for injured patients compared to treatment received at non-trauma centers.
Researchers have identified a potential cancer preventative. A new compound that protects against the development of liver cancer in laboratory animals was recently identified.
Adolescents who witness domestic violence between their parents are significantly more likely to suffer from symptoms of depression. This study is among the first conducted in the developing world to explore adolescent mental health and its association with parental domestic violence.
When mothers experience symptoms of depression after the birth of their children they are less likely to breastfeed, play with, read to or perform other interactive parenting tasks with their newborns, according to a study.
Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Yale University report that short term exposure to fine particulate matter increased hospital admission rates for cardiovascular and respiratory disease among the Medicare participants studied.
Government policies in Burma that restrict public health and humanitarian aid have created an environment where AIDS, drug-resistant tuberculosis, malaria and bird flu (H5N1) are spreading unchecked.
Disruption of a single gene, Nrf2, plays a critical role in regulating the body's innate immune response to sepsis and septic shock, according to a study by a research team led by Shyam Biswal, PhD, at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The researchers found that the absence of Nrf2 caused a dramatic increase in mortality due to septic shock in mice.
Researchers recently demonstrated that proteomic mass spectrometry has the potential to be used to identify viruses in complex environmental samples. The researchers believe that their mass spectrometric method could potentially be used for biodefense and public health preparedness.
Over 40 percent of public health employees surveyed said they are unlikely to report to work during an influenza pandemic. Local public health workers would play a vital role in responding to a pandemic. The survey was conducted in Maryland by the Center for Public Health Preparedness at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Nearly 80,000 Americans require hospital treatment from injuries caused by lawn mowers, according to a new study, which is the first to examine the extent and mechanisms of lawn mower injuries nationwide. The researchers concluded that the number of injuries from lawn mowers is increasing.
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