Four new sweet basil varieties resistant to downy mildew disease – which destroys leaves and has been the bane of basil growers for a decade – are now being sold to home gardeners and commercial farmers across the U.S. thanks to years of painstaking breeding and selection at Rutgers University.
Two of the four varieties also show high resistance to Fusarium wilt, another important soil-borne disease. The four new downy mildew resistant (DMR) sweet basils are Rutgers Devotion DMR, Rutgers Obsession DMR, Rutgers Passion DMR and Rutgers Thunderstruck DMR. These varieties of sweet basil – one of America’s most popular garden herbs and the most important annual culinary herb commercial crop – became available to commercial growers last spring and are now available to home gardeners.
James E. Simon, a Distinguished Professor of plant biology in the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences at Rutgers–New Brunswick, Robert Pyne, a former doctoral student, and Andy Wyenandt, an extension specialist in vegetable pathology at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center near Bridgeton, led the plant breeding team that developed the new basils. The team included collaborators in Florida and on Long Island. Simon, who has spent decades collecting and breeding basils from around the world, discussed the four new Rutgers varieties and provided tips for home gardeners.
What are the advantages of growing the new Rutgers varieties of sweet basil?
After a decade of intense breeding work, these new Rutgers varieties are highly resistant to downy mildew. You might still find some disease spores on the bottom sides of leaves and yellow leaf discoloration on the upper side, but home gardeners won’t have to throw out their basil due to the lack of leaves as many gardeners and growers have discovered since 2009. Rutgers DMR sweet basils smell and taste great, and have all the quality characteristics gardeners and cooks will appreciate. Hundreds of consumers have told us these plants are beautiful, fun to grow and enjoyable to use. Home gardeners can buy seeds from several companies online, including Johnny’s Select Seeds and VDF Specialty Seeds – the seed company that is commercializing these varieties. You can grow basil all summer and into the fall.
Where can the new Rutgers varieties be grown?
These plants were originally developed for commercial field and greenhouse growers, yet we found that each grows nicely and easily in plastic or ceramic pots on porches and in home gardens. Basil can also be grown indoors, but keep in mind the plant thrives in light, heat and a lot of water. Put it in an open window on a kitchen counter where the sun comes in.
When should basil be planted and how should it be cared for?
Homeowners can plant these basils after the last date of frost-inducing temperatures in the spring. These basils grow like all other sweet basils, and in our area the plants will continue to grow through September or into October, depending on the weather and if the plants are kept pruned and sheltered from the cold. The key with basil is to keep it pruned and keep the plant from flowering, which can make the leaves taste bitter. By removing the flowers, the plant sends out side branches that result in more leaves and keeps it vegetative for longer periods. If possible, water in the morning and allow for good aeration and drainage in the growing media. Personally, I always water my basils underneath the foliage to keep the leaves dry.
What else should people know about the new Rutgers basil varieties?
These plants are vigorous. You can cut and harvest the leaves many times over many months. They were developed and bred using traditional breeding, including the crossbreeding of thousands of plants. These varieties are not GMO. There’s no genetic engineering at all – just-good old-fashioned creative plant breeding. For more information on the Rutgers basil breeding program and sources for purchasing the new Rutgers DMR sweet basil seed, please visit the Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station’s ALL-STAR VARIETIES website.
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