Supercomputer Simulations Show Ways to Clean Up, Speed Up Gas Turbines
Planes, trains and cruise ships travel by the power of gas turbines. Simulations of combustion engines that convert liquid fuel to mechanical energy offer new ways to develop more efficient and cleaner gas turbine combustion systems.
A 4D printer for smart materials with magneto-and electro-mechanical properties has been developed
Researchers at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) have created software and hardware for a 4D printer with applications in the biomedical field. In addition to 3D printing, this machine allows for controlling extra functions: programming the material's response so that shape-changing occurs under external magnetic field, or changes in its electric properties develops under mechanical deformation.
New "Camera" with Shutter Speed of 1 Trillionth of a Second Sees through Dynamic Disorder of Atoms
Researchers have developed a new "camera" that sees the local disorder in materials. Its key feature is a variable shutter speed: because the disordered atomic clusters are moving, when the team used a slow shutter, the dynamic disorder blurred out, but when they used a fast shutter, they could see it. The method uses neutrons to measure atomic positions with a shutter speed of around one picosecond, a trillion times faster than normal camera shutters.
Department of Energy and NASA Join Forces on Innovative Lunar Experiment
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are working together to develop a science instrument that will survive the harsh and unforgiving environment of the nighttime lunar surface on the far side of the Moon to attempt first-of-its-kind measurements of the so-called Dark Ages of the Universe.
The planet that could end life on Earth
A terrestrial planet hovering between Mars and Jupiter would be able to push Earth out of the solar system and wipe out life on this planet, according to a UC Riverside experiment.
Complex oxides could power the computers of the future
As the evolution of standard microchips is coming to an end, scientists are looking for a revolution. The big challenges are to design chips that are more energy efficient and to design devices that combine memory and logic (memristors).
UAH researcher seeks to explain why lithium-ion batteries abruptly fail; earns $598K NSF CAREER Award
Research focused on why and how lithium-ion batteries may suddenly fail energetically, causing smoke, fire or even an explosion, a phenomenon called thermal runaway, has earned a researcher at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award totaling $598,181.
Laser shots at National Ignition Facility could spark additional discoveries in astrophysics
Using the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), a team of scientists is studying the environment created during laser shots at the National Ignition Facility to better understand its potential as a testbed for nuclear astrophysics research.
Rensselaer Researcher Breaks Through the Clouds To Advance Satellite Communication
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Moussa N'Gom, assistant professor of physics, applied physics, and astronomy, has devised a method to make communications between satellites and the ground more effective no matter the weather. In research recently published, N'Gom and his team used ultrafast, femtosecond lasers to cut through the clouds and rain that commonly cause losses in free-space optical communication (FSO).
Elegantly Modeling Earth's Abrupt Glacial Transitions
Milutin Milankovitch hypothesized that the timing of glacial transitions has been controlled by the orbital parameters of the Earth, which suggests that there may be some predictability in the climate, a notoriously complex system. In Chaos, Stefano Pierini proposes a new paradigm to simplify the verification of the Milankovitch hypothesis. Pierini's "deterministic excitation paradigm" combines the physics concepts of relaxation oscillation and excitability to link Earth's orbital parameters and the glacial cycles in a more generic way.
Oxide Interfaces Put New Twist on Electron Spins
Electrons in magnetic solids feel each other as an effective magnetic field that forces the electrons' spins to align. If the arrangement of atoms is not fully symmetric, an additional magnetic force known as Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) can emerge, forcing the spins to reorient and form whirling patterns called skyrmions. Researchers joined two different materials to enable skyrmion generation.
Scientists thread rows of metal atoms into nanofiber bundles
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have successfully threaded atoms of indium metal in between individual fibers in bundles of transition metal chalcogenide nanofibers.
Rachel Mandelbaum: Then and Now / 2012 Early Career Award Winner
Rachel Mandelbaum prepares to measure weak gravitational lensing, the tiny deflections of light from distant galaxies due to the gravitational influence of dark matter and visible matter that the light rays pass by on their way to Earth. Those measurements can help answer fundamental questions.
Protostar in spiral arms
An international team of astronomers, which includes three researchers affiliated with the Nicolaus Copernicus University (Torun, Poland), has succeeded in mapping the protostellar disk with the highest precision known today.
Capturing Nanoplastics in Tap Water with Light
The research team of Dr. Yong-sang Ryu at the Brain Research Institute of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) used an electro-photonic tweezer along with metal nanoparticles to concentrate ultrafine nanoplastics within a short period, and they reported the development of a real-time detection system using light.
The world's highest level of handwriting pattern recognition rate!
A research team led by Dr. Yong-hun Kim and Dr. Jeong-Dae Kwon has successfully developed the world's first neuromorphic semiconductor device with high-density and high-reliability by developing a thin film of lithium-ion battery materials.
Argonne scientist develops new X-ray data reconstruction method
A new software package developed by Argonne will help scientists reconstruct data from X-ray tomography experiments at the Advanced Photon Source up to 30 times faster than current methods.
Edible electronics: How a seaweed second skin could transform health and fitness sensor tech
Scientists at the University of Sussex have successfully trialed new biodegradable health sensors that could change the way we experience personal healthcare and fitness monitoring technology.
Lead-Isotope Computations Connect Physics from the Subatomic to the Cosmic Scale
Scientists used statistical tools, machine learning, and models run on supercomputers to explore nuclear force models. This allows scientists to make quantitative predictions about the structure of atomic nuclei and their interactions. Scientists used this approach to study the nucleus of lead-208 and predict its neutron skin. The results indicate the neutron skin is constrained by nucleon-nucleon scattering data.
AI draws most accurate map of star birthplaces in the Galaxy
Stars are formed by molecular gas and dust coalescing in space. These molecular gases are so dilute and cold that they are invisible to the human eye, but they do emit faint radio waves that can be observed by radio telescopes.
Solid‒gas carbonate formation during dust events on Mars
A joint research team led by Dr. Xiaohui Fu and Dr. Zhongchen Wu from Shandong University, China, proposed a new carbonate formation mechanism in Martian dust activities based on simulation experimental studies.
Supernova From the Year 185: A Rare View of the Entirety of This Supernova Remnant
The tattered shell of the first-ever historically recorded supernova was captured by the US Department of Energy-fabricated Dark Energy Camera, which is mounted on the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Victor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, a Program of NSF's NOIRLab. RCW 86's ring of debris is all that remains of a white-dwarf star that exploded more than 1800 years ago, when it was recorded by Chinese stargazers as a 'guest star'.
Cerro Tololo logra un retrato unico de una supernova que exploto hace mas de 1.800 anos
La Camara de Energia Oscura, fabricada por el Departamento de Energia de EE.UU e instalada en el Telescopio de 4 metros Victor M. Blanco de la Fundacion Nacional de Ciencias (NSF por sus siglas en ingles) de EE.UU en el Observatorio Interamericano Cerro Tololo (Chile), un Programa de NOIRLab de NSF y el Observatorio AURA, capto los vestigios de la primera supernova registrada en la historia. El anillo de escombros de RCW 86 es todo lo que queda de una estrella enana blanca que exploto hace mas de 1.800 anos, cuando fue registrada por los astronomos chinos como una "estrella invitada".
2023 AIP Helleman Fellowship Applications Open for Dutch Graduate, Postdoctoral Researchers Until March 15
AIP is seeking applications for the 2023 Robert H.G. Helleman Memorial Fellowships, which will support Dutch graduate students and postdoctoral researchers as they pursue research in physics and its related subdisciplines in the U.S. Applications for the 2023 fellowships are underway and due March 15. AIP and its Center for History of Physics will select the fellows in May. For information about eligibility, application, and criteria, visit the AIP Robert H.G. Helleman Memorial Fellowships website.