Protein That Could Prevent Chemical Warfare Attack Created at Rutgers
A novel protein design could lead to a new generation of defensive biosensors and treatments against weapon of mass destruction
The shape of coronavirus affects its transmission, finds study
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, images of the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, have been seared in our minds. But the way we picture the virus, typically as a sphere with spikes, is not strictly accurate.
Helium's chilling journey to cool a particle accelerator
En route to record-breaking X-rays, SLAC's Cryogenic team built a helium-refrigeration plant that lowers the LCLS-II accelerator to superconducting temperatures.
Tracking Jets in Hot Quark Soup Reveals a Mechanism of 'Quenching'
Colliding atomic nuclei at very high energies "melts" the boundaries of individual protons and neutrons, setting quarks and gluons to form a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Quarks or gluons in the colliding ions sometimes scatter off one another and then split, forming parallel sprays of particles called jets. Tracking how jets lose energy, called "quenching," allows scientists to learn about the QGP and the nuclear strong force. New results find that some quarks lose energy even before they split to form a jet.
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Peering Into Mirror Nuclei, Physicists See Unexpected Pairings
Using a new technique, physicists studying energetic collisions in light nuclei found something surprising: protons collide with their fellow protons and neutrons with their fellow neutrons more often than expected. Understanding these collisions is important for interpreting data in a wide range of physics experiments studying elementary particles.
Signs of Saturation Emerge from Particle Collisions at RHIC
Nuclear physicists studying particle collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have new evidence that particles called gluons reach a steady "saturated" state inside the speeding ions.
TIGERISS roars toward space station spot
Physicists from Washington University in St. Louis are developing a new experiment envisioned for the International Space Station as part of NASA's Astrophysics Pioneers Program. The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station (TIGERISS) will be designed to measure the abundances of ultra-heavy galactic cosmic rays. Pioneers Program missions have a total cost cap of $20 million.
Argonne researchers win four 2022 R&D 100 awards
R&D Magazine has recognized four Argonne projects with R&D 100 Awards.
Elemental research: Scientists apply boron to tungsten components in fusion facilities
Scientists at have conducted research showing that a PPPL-developed powder dropper can successfully drop boron powder into high-temperature plasma within tokamaks that have parts made of a heat-resistant material known as tungsten.
Deriving the magnetopause position from wide field-of-view soft x-ray imager simulation
Imaging techniques provide essential information in astronomical and space physics studies. The Soft X-ray imager (SXI) will obtain images of the Earth's magnetosphere from solar wind charge exchange emission in a global view.
Washing Dishes with Superheated Steam More Effective, Earth-Friendly
Superheated steam dishwashers could provide a more effective, environmentally friendly solution than conventional dishwashers. In Physics of Fluids, researchers simulated such a dishwasher, finding that it killed 99% of bacteria on a plate in just 25 seconds. The model of an idealized dishwasher looks like a box with solid sides, a top opening, and a nozzle at the bottom. A plate covered with heat-resistant bacteria is placed directly above the nozzle. Once the plate reaches a certain threshold temperature, the microorganisms are deemed inactivated.
Low-Cost Disease Diagnosis by Mapping Heart Sounds
In the Journal of Applied Physics, researchers develop a method to identify aortic valve dysfunction using complex network analysis that is accurate, simple to use, and low-cost. They used heart sound data to create a complex network of connected points, which was split into sections, and each part was represented with a node. If the sound in two portions was similar, a line was drawn between them. In a healthy heart, the graph showed two distinct clusters of points, with many nodes unconnected. A heart with aortic stenosis contained many more correlations and edges.
Treating, Preventing Heart Attacks with Human Tissue Models
In Biophysics Reviews, researchers explore how human tissue models can be used to examine the impact of heart attacks and treatment of the fibrotic tissue outside the body, improving treatment and diagnosis. They use organoids, 3D organlike multicellular models derived from stem cells, to mimic natural development, structural organization, regeneration, and disease progression. Meanwhile, microfluidic devices control cell placement and fluid flow to act like the heart on a chip, while bioprinting allows cardiac tissue to be built up layer by layer.
How superwinds help drive galactic development
Galactic superwinds - large outflows of gas created by a combination of supernova explosions and stellar winds - are closely connected to a galaxy's earliest stages of development and evolution, including aspects like its size, shape, and even how many stars will eventually call it home.But while researchers have commonly observed these winds, very little is understood about the mechanism that drives them.
Physicists Uncover New Dynamical Framework for Turbulence
Physicists at Georgia Tech have proven -- numerically and experimentally -- that turbulence in fluid flows can be understood and quantified with the help of a small set of special solutions that can be precomputed for a particular geometry, once and for all.
Experts say the discovery of Earthbound asteroids and comets needs improvement; too many satellites could prevent discovery
A new survey of planetary defense experts from Apollo Academic Surveys and Olin College of Engineering reports that discovery of asteroids and comets needs improvement. In addition, the proliferation of commercial satellites could prevent them from identifying Earthbound asteroids and comets.
Mimicking termites to generate new materials
Inspired by the way termites build their nests, researchers at Caltech have developed a framework to design new materials that mimic the fundamental rules hidden in nature's growth patterns.
Images from the James Webb Telescope Do Not Disprove The Big Bang Theory
Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have not disproven the widely regarded Big Bang Theory, despite certain articles claiming otherwise.
Bound by Light
A team of researchers at the University of Vienna, the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Duisburg-Essen have found a new mechanism that fundamentally alters the interaction between optically levitated nanoparticles. Their experiment demonstrates previously unattainable levels of control over the coupling in arrays of particles, thereby creating a new platform to study complex physical phenomena. The results are published in this week's issue of Science.
Scientists Take Control of Magnetism at the Microscopic Level
Atoms in magnetic materials are organized into regions called magnetic domains. Within each domain, the electrons have spins that point in the same direction. Researchers have developed a magnetic material whose thickness determines whether the walls between domains have the same or alternating spin chirality, or handedness. This study demonstrates a way to change the rotational direction and occurrence of domain wall pairs, a finding that could lead to technologies based on spintronics.
Trapping heat like black holes
Jiping Huang's group (Department of physics, Fudan University) and Cheng-Wei Qiu's group (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore) collaborated to complete this study.
Researchers reveal origin of ultrafast mystery signals in valleytronic materials
Tiny materials hold big mysteries, the solutions to which could bring about next-generation electronics.
Tiny Chip-Based Device Performs Ultrafast X-Ray Manipulation
A new X-ray optics device based on optical microelectromechanical systems can harness extremely fast X-ray pulses in a device orders of magnitude smaller and lighter than conventional devices used to regulate X-ray probes. The ultrafast X-ray optics could be essential for experiments on ultra-high-speed phenomena at synchrotron particle accelerators and will help researchers study fast-evolving chemical, material, and biological processes.
Saturn V Was Loud But Didn't Melt Concrete
Abundant internet claims about the acoustic power of the Saturn V suggest that it melted concrete and lit grass on fire over a mile away, but such ideas are undeniably false. In The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, researchers used a physics-based model to estimate the rocket's acoustic levels and obtained a value of 203 decibels, which matched the limited data from the 1960s. So, while the Saturn V was extremely loud, that kind of power is nowhere near enough to melt concrete or start grass fires.