Scientists have demonstrated for the first time that a single-dose, needleless Ebola vaccine given to primates through their noses and lungs protected them against infection for at least 21 weeks.
An electronic "tongue" could one day sample food and drinks as a quality check before they hit store shelves. Or it could someday monitor water for pollutants or test blood for signs of disease.
The loss of eyesight, often caused by retinal degeneration, is a life-altering health issue for many people, especially as they age. But a new development toward a prosthetic retina could help counter conditions that result from problems with this crucial part of the eye.
Conservation science is helping make big decisions about preservation methods to protect and save unique and historic U.S. government records—including the iconic and priceless Declaration of Independence—for future generations. During the AVS 61st International Symposium & Exhibition, Jennifer Herrmann, a research chemist and conservation scientist for the National Archives and Records Administration, will describe the role science plays in the preservation of the nation's documents.
Geologist Timothy Rose of the Smithsonian Institution’s Analytical Laboratories is accustomed to putting his lab’s high-tech nanoscale scanning electron microscope (nanoSEM) to work evaluating the mineral composition of rocks and meteorites. Lately, though, the nanoSEM has been enlisted for a different kind of task: determining the authenticity of ancient Mesoamerican artifacts.
Imagine being fortunate enough to get to study historical art up close, examining the details of every paint stroke applied to the canvases to gain knowledge about artists’ preferred materials and techniques. Then add a team of art scholars and scientists who can provide historical details or even help you to “see” beneath the painting to reveal anything hidden or painted over on its canvas and you will have a sense of the rich collaborations that some museum professionals enjoy every day.
A team of University of Maryland researchers is growing vertically aligned “forests” of carbon nanotubes on three-dimensional (3-D) conductive substrates to explore their potential use as a cathode in next-gen lithium batteries.
Silicon, which is one of the most common elements in the Earth’s crust, is also sprinkled abundantly throughout interstellar space. The only way to identify silicon-containing molecules in the far corners of the cosmos – and to understand the chemistry that created them – is to observe through telescopes the electromagnetic radiation the molecules emit.
New technology allows you to print electronic devices in the same way your inkjet printer prints a document or photo. Now researchers at Palo Alto Research Center have used this technique to build a portable X-ray imager and small mechanical devices.
Hospital workers who deal directly with patients wash their hands less frequently as their workday progresses, probably because the demands of the job deplete the mental reserves they need to follow rules, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.
An analysis of five large, prospective cohort studies indicates that lung (stage I), bladder, kidney and head and neck cancer survivors who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day prior to their cancer diagnoses have an up to five-fold higher risk of developing a second smoking-associated cancer compared to survivors of the same cancers who never smoked. The association between smoking and developing a second primary smoking-associated cancer was similar to the association between smoking and developing a first primary smoking-associated cancer (patients who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day had a 5.41-fold higher risk of developing cancer than individuals who have never smoked). Notably, current smoking at any level increased the risk of overall mortality across all cancer disease sites. The study, published on November 10 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, affirms the 2014 Surgeon General report’s conclusion that patients and survivors who smoke are at a higher risk of developing a
Scientists at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences have discovered a panel of small biological molecules called microRNAs, which can be utilized to diagnose mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), according to a study released in PLOS ONE, "Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model," Nov. 7, 2014.
American University Launches a new website for current and prospective students.
Scott Hunt served 25 years as executive director and CEO of the Endocrine Society before announcing his retirement in 2013, and today the American Medical Association (AMA) announced it presented him with the Medical Executive Lifetime Achievement Award.
The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) will award the President’s Medal to Congressional Kidney Caucus Co-Chairs Rep. Tom Marino (R-PA) and Rep. Jim McDermott, MD (D-WA) for their support of kidney care legislation and federal investment in kidney research.
Five leaders in the kidney health community are being acknowledged by the American Society of Nephrology (ASN), the world’s largest organization of kidney disease specialists. The award winners will be honored at ASN Kidney Week 2014, the world’s premier nephrology meeting, where more than 13,000 kidney health professionals from around the world will gather in Philadelphia, PA on November 11–16.
The new BSN program is designed for military veterans interested in pursuing a degree in nursing.
Spending less than one hour a day preparing food at home is associated with eating more fast food and spending more money eating out, finds new research in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Not having time available may be one of the most significant barriers to achieving a healthy diet.
Employers increasingly offer financial incentives to employees for participation in wellness activities; however whether these incentives lead to improved health behaviors and outcomes is unclear. This study gathered data on adult health plan members for three years, and compared the uptake of telephone health coaching among members who received employee incentives to those who did not. Results show those offered incentives were 33 times more likely to use the health coaching, and also did so sooner.
Free content from this month's issue of Physics Today now available online.
The Obesity Society (TOS) outgoing president, Steven Smith, MD, presented the first-ever presidential medals to influential public figures during the Opening Session of the Society’s annual meeting, ObesityWeekSM 2014, this week in Boston. The recipients include TOS past-president and pioneer in obesity research and treatment George Bray, MD; United States Senator Claire McCaskill (D-MO); HBO’s John Oliver; and, former FDA leader, Eric Coleman, MD. This is the first time TOS recognized key public figures for efforts that support the Society’s goals and mission.
Researchers explored whether high- or low- protein diets might lead to less weight gain when consuming excess calories due to the ability of the body to burn extra energy with a high-protein diet. They found that study participants all gained similar amounts of weight regardless of diet composition; however, there was a vast difference in how the body stored the excess calories. Those who consumed normal- and high- protein diets stored 45% of the excess calories as lean tissue, or muscle mass, while those on the low-protein diet stored 95% of the excess calories as fat. Study results also show that the increase in metabolism tied to a high-protein diet was not sustainable when participants changed to a normal-protein diet, suggesting that the human body cannot be trained to maintain a higher metabolism.
WASHINGTON - Airport security agents using a new conversation-based screening method caught mock airline passengers with deceptive cover stories more than 20 times as often as agents who used the traditional method of examining body language for suspicious signs, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.
Short-term certificate programs at community colleges offer limited labor-market returns, on average, in most fields of study, according to new research published today in Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis (EEPA), a peer-reviewed journal of the American Educational Research Association. The results of the study are in line with recent research in other states that found only small economic returns from short-term programs.
In honor of Veterans Day, the peer-reviewed journal Women's Health Issues (WHI) today released a new Special Collection on women veterans’ health, with a focus on mental health. The special collection also highlights recent studies addressing healthcare services, reproductive health and cardiovascular health of women veterans.
Students in some schools form more cliquish, hierarchical, and segregated social structures than in others. What accounts for the variation?
Improvements in verbal and written communication between health care providers during patient handoffs can reduce injuries due to medical errors. I-PASS, an original system of bundled communication and team-training tools for handoff of patient care between providers resulted in a 30% reduction in injuries due to medical errors after its implementation across 9 institutions, according to a study released Nov. 6, 2014 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Gluten proteins in wheat products might not be the only ones involved in celiac disease.
A diet high in fat can increase one’s risk for diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome; however few studies have assessed the effects of a maternal high fat diet on offspring. This research suggests that a high-fat maternal diet during pregnancy and while breastfeeding could have significant and lasting detrimental effects on the brain function and behavior of children. The study is one of few basic science studies conducted to measure the direct effect of a high-fat maternal diet on the cognitive functioning on offspring.
This research evaluates the perception of obesity among both the American public and healthcare professionals during the past year. Results show a significant shift in perceptions of obesity in 2014, with the percent of Americans seeing obesity as a community problem increasing as much as 13% and the percent of healthcare professionals increasing 18%. Data also show differences among various demographic groups.
Physiologists from across the country will visit classrooms to lead students in interactive activities that demonstrate how their bodies function and teach how medical discoveries are made during PhUn Week 2014 (November 3–7).
Recent guidance from the United States’ Affordable Care Act and the United Kingdom’s Responsibility Deal encourage calorie labeling in chain restaurants, yet there have been mixed results as to the effects of calorie labeling on consumers’ meal choices and weight status. This first-ever, long-term study on calorie labeling shows that consistent exposure to prominent calorie labeling of main meals reduced the likelihood of young adults gaining any weight over a one-year period by 50%. This study will be presented as part of the Obesity Journal Symposium.
Only a few days remain to register for the Endocrine Society’s media event exploring the latest science on the dangers of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Susan H. McDaniel, PhD, distinguished professor and director of the Institute for the Family in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Rochester, has been elected 2016 president of the American Psychological Association. She will serve as APA's president-elect in 2015.
The GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, home to one of the first emergency medical services degree programs in the nation, has been awarded a $1,308,422 Continuing Training Grant from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency.
While recent studies indicate that added sugar consumption has begun to decline, no research has examined whether these changes have persisted, or are consistent across critical subpopulations. Researchers examined five nationally representative surveys about food intake in the U.S. from 1977 to 2010, and found that added sugar consumption by American adults has increased by about 30% in the last three decades. This study will be recognized by TOS Pediatric Obesity Section with a Poster of Excellence Award, an honor given each year to the most outstanding abstracts in the research area.
It turns out that in certain situations, combining messes can actually reduce the disorder of the whole; an international team of researchers from Slovenia and Iran has identified a set of conditions in which adding disorder to a system makes it more orderly. This behavior is known as antifragility, a concept introduced recently to describe similar phenomena in statistics, economics and social science.
This study adds evidence to the current thinking that individuals with obesity can successfully reduce cravings using distract tasks. For this study, researchers tested the effects of three, 30-second distraction techniques to reduce cravings for the study participant’s favorite foods. They found that the effect of tapping one’s own forehead and ear with their index finger, tapping one’s toe on the floor, or a control task of staring at a blank wall, all worked significantly to reduce the cravings; however, forehead tapping worked best out of all techniques.
This study adds evidence to the current thinking that individuals with obesity can successfully reduce cravings using distract tasks. For this study, researchers tested the effects of three, 30-second distraction techniques to reduce cravings for the study participant’s favorite foods. They found that the effect of tapping one’s own forehead and ear with their index finger, tapping one’s toe on the floor, or a control task of staring at a blank wall, all worked significantly to reduce the cravings; however, forehead tapping worked best out of all techniques.
Recently released Census Bureau data show that the number of people commuting by bike has increased by 60% over the past decade - but until now, the increase has not been closely tied to a supportive city infrastructure. Researchers evaluated how the development of the Minneapolis Greenway affected the commute of residents over a ten-year period. The research found that bike-friendly infrastructure changes were tied to increases in “active commuting” by bike-riding residents, which can promote healthy weight and reduce cardiac risk.
Service members diagnosed with chronic insomnia had a two times higher risk of developing hypertension and type II diabetes than military personnel who had not been diagnosed with the condition, according to a newly released health surveillance report of a study of the associations between these diseases.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) today applauds the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for not implementing proposed payment cuts for radiation therapy starting January 1, 2015, as detailed in the final 2015 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS), issued on Friday, October 31, 2014.
A Malaria in the Americas Forum featuring videos, presentations and discussions on effective efforts to eliminate malaria in the Americas, to mark Malaria Day in the Americas, Nov. 6. Sponsored by The Pan American Health Organization/ World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), the PAHO Foundation, Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, and the Center for Communication Programs at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Lung Cancer Awareness Month this year is different and may be the most significant in history. By Nov. 10, Medicare must rule on coverage for computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening – the first and only test proven to reduce lung cancer deaths. If Medicare will fully cover this exam for seniors at high risk for the disease, we can complete the first major blow against the nation’s leading cancer killer.
Researchers used data from the 2007 - 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the proportion of adults in the United States recommended for treatment based on The Obesity Society (TOS), The American Heart Association (AHA) and The American College of Cardiology Guidelines (2013) for Managing Overweight and Obesity in Adults, released in November 2013. Data show 131 million American adults – about 65 percent – are recommended for behavioral weight-loss treatment, with 83% of those (or 116 million) also recommended for pharmacotherapy. Another 25% (or 32 million) of adults recommended for both pharmacotherapy and behavioral treatment are also potential candidates for bariatric surgery.
The recipient of the 2014 Van Meter Award, established in 1930 by the American Thyroid Association for outstanding contributions by a young clinical scientist to research on the thyroid gland is Christine Spitzweg, M.D., Professor in Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Chair of the Thyroid Center, Co-chair of the Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Head of the research laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Robert C. Smallridge, M.D., will become the new ATA president, as Hossein Gharib, M.D., completes his term as president. Antonio Bianco, M.D., Ph.D., will become the new president-elect, and Victor J. Bernet, M.D. accepts the position of secretary/COO-elect. Joining the Board are three new directors: Julie Ann Sosa, M.D., Christine Spitzweg, M.D., and M. Regina Castro, M.D.
El Día de los Muertos es una oportunidad para conmemorar y honrar las vidas de aquellos quienes han fallecido, con tradiciones que incluyen fiestas, música, vigilias y ofrendas temporales como esta. La ofrenda tradicionalmente incluye fotos y objetos que conmemoran a los seres queridos para así honrarlos y recordarlos.
The Day of the Dead, or Día de los Muertos, is a holiday to commemorate and honor the lives of dead loved ones, with traditions that include feasts, music, vigils and creating temporary ofrendas or altars, such as this one. The ofrenda is composed of mementos, photographs and objects of loved ones who have died and is intended to honor and remember their lives.
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