The Portman lab at the Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience at the University of Rochester discovered that the male roundworms use pheromones and touch signals to determine the sex, age, nutritional health, and mating history of the hermaphrodites and show preference toward worms that have not previously mated with another male and are nutritionally healthy.
The research suggests an easy-to-measure brain process may be a target or biomarker in measuring treatment outcomes in clinical trials for patients with Batten disease.
Researchers at the Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience at the University of Rochester find that microglia—the brain’s immune cells—can trigger cognitive deficits after radiation exposure and may be a key target for preventing these symptoms.
New research appearing today in the journal Nature shows that a cocktail of drugs already approved to treat high blood pressure quickly reduces brain swelling and improves outcomes in animal models of brain injury.
When older adults with cancer take multiple medications — including ordinary drugs like blood pressure pills, supplements, or antacids — it can result in more toxic chemotherapy side effects and even a need to stop cancer treatment.
Whether conscious of it or not, when entering a new space, we use our sense of smell to assess whether it is safe or a threat. In fact, for much of the animal kingdom, this ability is necessary for survival and reproduction.
It has long been understood that environmental and socio-economic factors – including income disparity, family poverty, and air pollution – increase a person’s risk of developing psychotic-like experiences, such as subtle hallucinations and delusions that can become precursors to a schizophrenia diagnosis later in life.
Seasonal colds are by all accounts no fun, but new research suggests the colds you've had in the past may provide some protection from COVID-19.
Scientists at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry have developed, for the first time, two new vaccines for canine influenza.
Numerous challenges face providers who are administering developmental screenings for refugee children, including differences in cultural and religious beliefs, language barriers, and disparate education levels, according to new research from the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) published in the journal Pediatrics.
The prevalence of substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, homicide and motor vehicle crashes all peak in young adulthood. Yet the study’s findings show that young adults under use ambulatory medical care, infrequently receive preventive care and rarely receive counseling directed at the greatest threats to their health.
Compounds related to Viagra, which is already in clinical trials to prevent heart failure, may also counter the disease in a different way, according to a study published online today in the journal Circulation Research. The results hold promise for the design of a new drug class and for its potential use in combination with Viagra or beta blockers.
A key compound resupplies bone marrow with fast-acting stem cells that can more quickly rekindle blood cell production, according to a study published online today in the journal Blood. While the study was in mice, in the study authors say it has the potential to increase survival among patients with life-threatening blood cell shortages.
Patients who had a cardiac resynchronization device combined with a defibrillator (CRT-D) implanted had a 34 percent reduction in their risk of death or heart failure when compared to patients receiving only an implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD), according to a landmark study published online today in the New England Journal of Medicine and presented today at the European Society of Cardiology Congress (ESC) in Barcelona, Spain.
A study today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that a common food additive that gives M&Ms and Gatorade their blue tint may offer promise for preventing the additional "“ and serious "“ secondary damage that immediately follows a traumatic injury to the spinal cord.
An FDA-approved drug used for preventing recurrence of breast cancer shows promise in fighting life-threatening fungal infections common in immune-compromised patients, such as infants born prematurely and patients with cancer.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have found a way to block the genetic flaw at the heart of a common form of muscular dystrophy. The results of the study, which were published today in the journal Science, could pave the way for new therapies that essentially reverse the symptoms of the disease.
Scientists have identified a protein that appears not only to be central to the process that causes Parkinson's disease but could also play a role in muting the high from methamphetamine and other addictive drugs.
An early study has found the osteoporosis drug teriparatide (Forteo) enabled aging patients confined to wheelchairs by non-healing fractures to walk and live independently again. The physicians involved are using the word "miraculous" to describe this stem cell-related work and its profound impact on the treatment of bone injuries.
By doing a set of vigorous visual exercises on a computer every day for several months, patients who had gone partially blind as a result of suffering a stroke were able to regain some vision.
The painkiller oxycodone is effective at treating the acute pain of shingles, an illness that often causes severe pain which can become long-lasting and sometimes even permanent. Good treatment is crucial. It's possible that the pain of shingles is more likely to become a long-term problem if the pain is not adequately treated initially.
A type of brain cell that was long overlooked by researchers embodies one of very few ways in which the human brain differs fundamentally from that of a mouse or rat. Human astrocytes are bigger, faster, and much more complex than those in mice and rats.
Choosing to have aggressive brain surgery after suffering a severe stroke generally improves the patients' lives and allows them to live longer.
By studying how mice fight off infection by intestinal worms "“ a condition that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide "“ scientists have discovered that the immune system is more versatile than has long been thought. The work with worms is opening a new avenue of exploration in the search for treatments against autoimmune diseases like diabetes and asthma.
Children with chronic kidney disorder are often subjected to radioactivity and a large number of blood draws when clinicians measure how well their kidneys function. This process is also time-consuming and costly. A new formula has been developed that accurately estimates the level at which children's kidneys are working using height, gender and measuring variables from just a small sample of blood.
The nation's first "“ and only "“ program aimed at taking a wide-scale community prevention approach to decrease non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears among female high school athletes is working, and as a result, is being expanded in Rochester, New York. The program, called PEP (Prevent injury, Enhance Performance), targets the prevention of one of the most serious knee injuries that can sideline athletic careers among females, who are at six to nine times greater risk than males to sustain an ACL tear.
Bladder cancer is much more likely to be deadly for women and African-Americans, but the reasons long believed to explain the phenomenon account for only part of the differences for such patients compared to their white and male counterparts, according to results published in the Jan. 1 issue of the journal Cancer.
Here's an informal wrap-up of some of the highlights, mainly in the research realm, of 2008 at the University of Rochester. Happy holidays, and happy Festivus!
Two proteins that work in tandem in the brain's blood vessels present a double whammy in Alzheimer's disease. Not only do the proteins lessen blood flow in the brain, but they also reduce the rate at which the brain is able to remove amyloid beta, the protein that builds up in toxic quantities in the brains of patients with the disease.
HIV is so deadly largely because it evolves so rapidly. With a single virus as the origin of an infection, most patients will quickly come to harbor thousands of different versions of HIV, all a little bit different and all competing with one another to most efficiently infect that person's cells. Now scientists have settled a longstanding question about just how HIV morphs in the body.
While an estimated 2.3 million people in the United States take part in clinical trials every year, there currently exists no formal requirement to inform them of study results, an oversight that leaves many participants confused, frustrated, and sometimes lacking information that may be important to their health. Now researchers have proposed a novel and effective approach to disseminate the results of clinical trials to study volunteers.
November not only ushers in American Diabetes Month "“ it's also the unofficial start of the holiday season. Between now and New Year's, people with diabetes must navigate a tempting course of sugar-centric festivities, maintaining a delicate nutritional balance against all odds. One Rochester endocrinologist is showing them how.
Using a drug-discovery technique in which molecules compete against each other for access to the target, scientists have identified several compounds that, in the laboratory, block the unwanted coupling of two molecules that is at the root of muscular dystrophy.
Scientists have unraveled in unprecedented detail the cascade of events that go wrong in brain cells affected by HIV, a virus whose assault on the nervous system continues unabated despite antiviral medications that can keep the virus at bay for years in the rest of the body.
The only known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease slows down the brain's ability to export a toxic protein known as amyloid-beta that is central to the damage the disease causes, scientists have found. The research provides new clues into the workings of a protein known as apolipoprotein E4, or ApoE4, which increases the risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.
Children who receive all recommended flu vaccine appear to be less likely to catch the respiratory virus that the CDC estimates hospitalizes 20,000 children every year. This study found that, even though the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 flu seasons had poor matches between the vaccine and the circulating flu strains, the shots were clearly protective during the 2004-2005 year and possibly even during the 2003-2004 year.
The holidays are often as wonderful as they are stressful not only for parents, but for kids as well. It can be easy to skip meals, eat too many treats, and loaf around. During the holidays, families should be especially careful not to lose their healthy eating habits.
Giving people age 65 and older a dose four times larger than the standard flu vaccine boosts the amount of antibodies in their blood to levels considered protective against the flu, more so than the standard flu vaccine does. The findings from a study of nearly 4,000 people were presented Oct. 26 at a national meeting on infectious diseases.
Rheumatologists, dermatologists, and patient advocates have come together to publish the first-ever international guidelines for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, a disease that mainly affects people who have psoriasis but also some people without it.
Scientists have identified a gene in mice that plays a central role in the proper development of one of the nerve cells that goes bad in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease, and some other diseases that affect our motor neurons.
Uninsured children in families earning between approximately $38,000 and $76,000 a year are about as likely to go without any health care as uninsured children in poorer families.
Many women with breast cancer suffer from chronic insomnia and sleep disturbances. This is the first study to identify the parasympathetic nervous system -- respiratory rates and cortisol levels -- as predictors of sleep problems.
Several genes that play a role in how our body's cells normally auto-destruct may play a role in age-related hearing loss.
Most adolescents currently do not see their health care provider often enough to receive the series of shots for the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), according to research from the University of Rochester Medical Center.
Many children with asthma have poor control over their symptoms due to either a lack of preventive treatment or ineffective treatment, according to preliminary research from the University of Rochester Medical Center.
Contrary to claims in medical textbooks, children who develop cardiomyopathy are more likely to do so in the first year of life than later in childhood. The study, of nearly 500 children at 38 sites nationwide, also finds that gender, race and region play a role.
Soldiers confronting dust storms cope with a swirl of confusing sensory input not unlike that experienced by people in everyday life. Scientists have found that our brain's ability to cope with a hodgepodge of signals is even more robust than previously thought.
Doctors have devised a new way to use chemotherapy and radiation on lung cancer that relies on precise timing to zap cancer cells when they're most vulnerable. Patients receive less toxic amounts of chemotherapy in tandem with daily radiation.
Scientists have discovered the molecular forces that conspire to damage bone in patients with psoriatic arthritis. People with the disease are awash in cells that dissolve bone, and their joints have high amounts of a protein that persuades those cells to settle into joints.
Scientists from around the nation have come together in a coordinated national effort to pursue a new treatment for Parkinson's disease: gene therapy.
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