Credit: Reprinted from Liang, L., et al., Chemical and Morphological Structure of Transgenic Switchgrass Organosolv Lignin Extracted by Ethanol, Tetrahydrofuran, and γ-Valerolactone Pretreatments. ACS Sust. Chem. & Eng. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society.
Lignin-yielding switchgrass pretreatment. Researchers pretreated three switchgrass samples in one of three solvents (EtOH, THF or GVL) while heating in dilute acid. Pretreatment extracts and breaks down lignin polymers into modular molecular components.