Credit: Cancer Biology & Medicine
Expression products and effects of rare mutated genes in CRC. (A) ERBB2 (HER2), (B) ALK, (C) ROS1, (D) NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, (E) RET, (F) EGFR, and (G) FGFR2 activate Ras-Raf-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and PIP2-IP3 signaling pathways and ultimately facilitate cell migration, cell proliferation, gene expression, and drug resistance.