A new scientific journal article reports that carbon dioxide can emerge from the deep ocean in a surprising way — a new piece of the global carbon “puzzle” that researchers must solve to fully understand major issues like climate change.
Researchers at The John B. Pierce Laboratory and the Yale School of Medicine have revealed that the ability to vividly imagine the smell of popcorn, freshly baked cookies and even non-food odors is greater in obese adults. Their research was published in the journal Appetite in August 2015 and was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB), the foremost society for research into all aspects of eating and drinking behavior.
Touch a hot stove, and your fingers will recoil in pain because your skin carries tiny temperature sensors that detect heat and send a message to your brain saying, "Ouch! That's hot! Let go!"
Researchers show gene variant causes Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, may illuminate bone loss more generally.
Chemists at The Scripps Research Institute have developed a versatile new technique for making modifications—especially one type of extremely difficult, but much-sought-after modification—to complex drug molecules.
Chemists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have devised a new and widely applicable technique for building potential drug molecules and other organic compounds.
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Jan. 13, 2016 -- The Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and SCIEX of Framingham, Mass., have signed a licensing agreement for technologies that speed up, simplify and expand the use of analytic chemistry equipment.
Chemists discover how a single enzyme maintains a cell’s pool of DNA building blocks.
For the first time, McGill researchers have been able to take a series of 3D images of a large section from one of the medicine-synthesizing enzymes in action. The researchers believe that the images they have generated will not only bring scientists closer to understanding how many antibiotics are made, but could, with further research, lead to the development of much needed next-generation antibiotics.
IDH mutations disrupt how the genome folds, bringing together disparate genes and regulatory controls to spur cancer growth.
“All these complicated diseases that we don’t have a good handle on — they all have this mechanical component. Well why is that?” Brent Hoffman is an assistant professor of biomedical engineering Brent Hoffman is an assistant professor of biomedical engineering This is exactly the question Brent Hoffman, Duke biomedical engineering assistant professor, is helping answer.
Three scientists at the University of Washington have proposed a way to speed up common bioassays. Their solution, reminiscent of the magic behind washing machines, could reduce wait times to a fraction of what they once were. Biological assays that once took hours could instead take minutes.
he J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) policy group today released a new report titled, “DNA Synthesis and Biosecurity: Lessons Learned and Options for the Future,” which reviews how well the Department of Health and Human Services guidance for synthetic biology providers has worked since it was issued in 2010.
A team at the Weizmann Institute of Science found that when spherical nanoparticles self-assembled into a cluster, empty spaces – “flasks” – formed between them, as between oranges packed in a case. They were able to produce a range of chemical reactions in the flasks that were 100 times faster than in solution. The many potential applications include drug delivery.
In its simplest terms, weight loss occurs when the amount of energy consumed in the form of food is less than the amount of energy burned. This can be accomplished by eating less or exercising more. With either approach, the goal is to create a caloric debt that will be resolved by burning stored carbohydrate, protein, or fat. Challenges to losing the holiday weight (alternatively a beer gut, Freshman Fifteen, etc.) are simple: eating feels good and being hungry is uncomfortable.
Team from Rice, University of Wisconsin-Madison shows how nature handles lignin.
By combining sophisticated RNA sequencing technology with a new device that isolates single cells and their progeny, MIT researchers can now trace detailed family histories for several generations of cells descended from one “ancestor.”
The International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry has announced formal verification of four new chemical elements, recognizing the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and its collaborators for the discovery of elements 115 and 117.
Advances in a powerful lab technology known as mass spectrometry are beginning to revolutionize all areas of medical testing. The Mass Spectrometry issue of Clinical Chemistry, the journal of AACC, showcases the breadth of this technology’s impact on patient care—from making it easier to determine whether diabetes patients are at risk for life-threatening cardiovascular events, to reducing the amount of surgical procedures cancer patients must undergo.
Medical testing has been undergoing a quiet but extensive metamorphosis as labs adopt the versatile technology mass spectrometry, which enables more precise diagnosis. A special issue of Clinical Chemistry, the journal of AACC, titled “Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Achieving Prominence in Laboratory Medicine,” showcases the recent medical advances that this technology has made possible, from the development of new screening methods for designer drugs to a surgical knife that detects cancerous tissue.
The Mass Spectrometry issue of Clinical Chemistry, the journal of AACC, features pioneering research that could enable screening for two synthetic cannabinoids that are on the rise. This study could also help to reduce the popularity of designer drugs overall by making it easier to develop tests for the myriad of new, dangerous substances that emerge every year.
For the first time, researchers have developed tests that could improve the diagnosis of two rare childhood diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) and metachromatic leukodystrophy, and that could even lead to new treatments for CDGs. The findings were published in the Mass Spectrometry issue of Clinical Chemistry, the journal of AACC.
An NSAID changed the composition and diversity of gut microbes, which in turn shaped how the drug is broken down and ultimately, cut its effectiveness, according to animal study
Adding to growing evidence on the possible health risks of electronic cigarettes, a lab team at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System tested two products and found they damaged cells in ways that could lead to cancer. The damage occurred even with nicotine-free versions of the products.
Researchers announced the first-ever evidence-based description of the neuronal protein clumps thought to be important in ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, a fatal neurodegenerative condition. This could be a crucial step toward developing drugs to stem the progression of the disease.
A technique to combine the ultrasensitivity of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with a slippery surface invented by Penn State researchers will make it feasible to detect single molecules of a number of chemical and biological species from gaseous, liquid or solid samples.
A team of researchers from the National University of Singapore has uncovered the mystery behind the potent parasite-killing effect of artemisinin, a drug that is considered to be the last line of defence against malaria. Given the emergence of artemisinin resistance, these findings could potentially lead to the design of new treatments against drug-resistant parasites.
Six scientists at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are included in a new analysis of scientists whose work is cited most often by their peers. Their research is in disciplines where PNNL is highly regarded internationally – climate science, energy storage, materials science, and chemistry.
A new test for detecting biomarkers for cancer and diabetes is more than 1000x more detailed and 100% faster than existing methods, new research by the University of Warwick suggests. Developed to undertake a detailed study of collagen, the researchers argue that the same methodology can be used with any protein-based sample and is currently being tested with cancer cells and proteins relevant to Type II diabetes.
A team of chemists from ITMO University, in collaboration with research company SOPOT, has developed a novel type of firefighting foam based on inorganic silica nanoparticles. The new foam beats existing analogues in fire extinguishing capacity, thermal and mechanical stability and biocompatibility. The results of the study were published in ACS Advanced Materials & Interfaces.
Now researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a key protein produced in the liver that aids in accelerating the growth of these cells.
Explosives detection is important for ensuring the safety of public spaces, transportation and water systems, but it can be challenging to carry out. Now scientists report in the journal ACS Nano a new step toward a more efficient monitoring method that uses quantum dots to quickly sniff out and identify five dangerous compounds, including the powerful explosive hidden in "shoe bomber" Richard Reid's footwear.
In a quest to stay healthy, many people are seeking natural ways to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies show that pomegranate extract, which is a rich source of disease-fighting polyphenols, can help protect against the development of Alzheimer's disease. But researchers weren't sure which molecules to thank. A team reports in ACS Chemical Neuroscience that the responsible compounds may be urolithins, which are made when gut bacteria break down the polyphenols in the extract.
In solar flow batteries, the proposed charging process links harvesting solar energy and storing it as chemical energy via the electrolyte. Scientists built a solar flow battery that uses an eco-friendly, compatible solvent and needs a lower applied voltage to recharge the battery.
Two studies by Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues shed new light on mercury pollution in the waters of the northeastern United States.
Researchers at St. Mary’s College of Maryland recently focused their attention on the chemotherapeutic use of an azo- compound (azo- compounds contain a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond) that they designed to convert from an inactive to an active form when exposed to blue or near-UV wavelength light.
Nanoscale octopods that do double duty as catalysts and plasmonic sensors are lighting a path toward more efficient industrial processes, according to a Rice University scientist.
Body sensors, which were once restricted to doctors' offices, have come a long way. They now allow any wearer to easily track heart rate, steps and sleep cycles around the clock. Soon, they could become even more versatile — with the help of chewing gum. Scientists report in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces a unique sensing device made of gum and carbon nanotubes that can move with your most bendable parts and track your breathing.
In October, Macy's joined a growing list of major retail stores that have pledged to stop selling furniture containing flame retardants, which research suggests could cause developmental problems. Despite the trend, however, it could take years before widespread exposure declines. And now, a study in ACS' journal Environmental Science & Technology has revealed more bad news: Infants could potentially be affected the most. The report also looks at potential exposure routes.
Much to coffee lovers' delight, drinking three to four cups of coffee per day has been shown to decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Now, scientists report in ACS' Journal of Natural Products that they have identified two compounds that contribute to this health benefit. Researchers say that this knowledge could someday help them develop new medications to better prevent and treat the disease.
Scientists revealed that cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) changes into a complex structure when it is dissolved. The discovery raises pertinent questions about cerium’s behavior in chemical industries and gives insights into possible new opportunities for its use.
In a game-changing study, researchers at UC Davis and other organizations have shown that the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which plays a key role in DNA repair, also leaves the nucleus to boost cellular energy production. By irradiating normal cells, the team showed that CDK1 turned up production of ATP, cellular energy packets that – in this case – provided the necessary power supply to fix the radiation-damaged DNA.
Colorado State University chemists have made a completely recyclable, biodegradable polymer, paving a potential new road to truly sustainable, petroleum-free plastics.
Linda Chelico and her team are learning more about how an ancient “error correction” system in the human genome helps protect the body against HIV.
Alesha Harris has three degrees in chemistry and has taught the subject in her home state of Texas. Although her graduate work was in nanoparticles—materials just a billionth of a meter in size—she joined the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory as an Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate–Transformation (AGEP-T) postdoc working with Minfang Yeh, who leads the neutrino and nuclear chemistry group.
Maintaining the shape of the cell, creating proper internal structure, guiding organelles and pulling chromosomes apart during mitosis are some of the important functions of the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is composed of three main structural components: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. In a series of thematic minireviews, the Journal of Biological Chemistry highlights what we know so far about the cytoskeleton.
Bombarding and stretching an important industrial catalyst opens up tiny holes on its surface where atoms can attach and react, greatly increasing its activity as a promoter of chemical reactions, according to a study by scientists at Stanford University and the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
Peng Wu, formerly of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, is joining The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) as an associate professor in the Department of Chemical Physiology, California campus.
Scientists at Queen’s University Belfast have made a major breakthrough by making a porous liquid – with the potential for a massive range of new technologies including ‘carbon capture’.
Making a computer that learns and remembers like a human brain is a daunting challenge. The complex organ has 86 billion neurons and trillions of connections — or synapses — that can grow stronger or weaker over time. But now scientists report in ACS' journal Nano Letters the development of a first-of-its-kind synthetic synapse that mimics the plasticity of the real thing, bringing us one step closer to human-like artificial intelligence.
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