Curated News: Cell (journal)

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Investigators from Cedars-Sinai have made two important discoveries about fiber and the gut microbiome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.

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A new study led by researchers at UChicago Medicine and Indiana University suggests that an existing drug could be repurposed to treat type 1 diabetes, potentially reducing dependence on insulin.

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A new study published in Cell Reports Medicine presents exciting future possibilities for the management of type 1 diabetes and the potential reduction of insulin dependency. The study's findings' suggest repurposing of the drug α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) may open doors to innovative therapies.

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Two studies led by UCLA researchers offer new insights into the way neurons in the human brain represent time and space – the most basic ingredients of consciousness of human existence and the primary dimensions of experience that allow us to reconstruct the past and envision the future.

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As the planet gets hotter, the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent. But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since units use potent greenhouse gases and lots of energy.

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The dependence between biomechanical properties of extracellular matrix and the development of tumor cells inside it was proven by scientists. This will allow to create more realistic models for studying growth of cancer tumors and metastases.

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A sweeping new guide to menopause by a UVA Health expert and collaborators highlights the profound and sometimes surprising effects the “change of life” can have on women’s lives, health, workplaces and even finances

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A research team from the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center has identified a crucial epitope (a protein section that can activate the larger protein) on the CD95 receptor that can cause cells to die.

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In a new study published in Cell Chemical Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center researchers demonstrate this, showing that the ROS1 inhibitor lorlatinib has activity against an additional protein called PYK2. The team also reveals the mechanisms of this inhibition.

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Patients with long COVID – the long-term symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, or memory loss in the months or years following COVID-19 – can exhibit a reduction in circulating levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, according to new research published today in Cell.

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Basic Research Findings by Johns Hopkins Scientists Focus on Gene Sequencing, Hearing Loss and a Brain Disorder

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Researchers mapped the locations of 1,034 proteins inside the chloroplast of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas. This map is a spatial atlas of the chloroplast proteome—all of the proteins that the organism can produce in the algae’s structure that drives photosynthesis.

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A new compound developed at the University of Illinois Chicago potentially could offer an alternative to injections for the millions of people who suffer from an eye condition that causes blindness

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The organisms that cause visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially deadly version of the parasitic disease that most often affects the skin, appear to have a secret weapon, new research suggests: They can infect non-immune cells and persist in those uncommon environments.

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Scientists have long understood that parts of cells, called organelles, evolved to have certain shapes and sizes because their forms are closely related to how they function.

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Scientists at the Columbia University, University of Connecticut, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory were able to fabricate a pure form of glass and coat specialized pieces of DNA with it to create a material that was not only stronger than steel, but incredibly lightweight.

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Berkeley Lab scientists are accelerating and streamlining the process of engineering microbes to produce important compounds with commercial-ready efficiency.

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In 1998, scientists reported being able to derive cells from human embryos that could develop into almost any cell in the body. In 2007, the field took a huge leap when scientists discovered they could reprogram human adult skin cells to act like these embryonic stem cells.

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Scientists figuring out which of the 5,000-plus genetic variants associated with schizophrenia have an actual causal effect in the development of the condition. Some of genetic variants regulate or alter the expression of genes involved in the condition.

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A few weeks from now, Lizbeth Sanchez will say goodbye to her job in a Smidt Heart Institute laboratory and walk about 200 steps to a Cedars-Sinai classroom, where she will begin working on her doctorate in biomedical and translational research.

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A research team shows for the first time that HIV reservoirs are concentrated in the spleen and lymph nodes, and that they can travel throughout the body.

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been found to play a significant role in controlling behavior critical to how ant colonies function, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

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Researchers with the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and four other institutions have developed a molecular test to identify the presence of brain tumors by measuring abnormal genetic material shed by tumors and circulating in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A description of the work was published Aug. 15 in the journal Cell Reports Medicine.

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Professor Ashok Venkitaraman, Director of the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore at the National University of Singapore, together with Assistant Professor Tobias Janowitz, Principal Investigator at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, and an international group of researchers from the USA and UK, have discovered that ketogenic diets delay tumour growth but accelerate cachexia, a wasting syndrome, an unintended side effect that could cause death.

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Researchers at the University of California San Diego have uncovered a connection between the topography of the human genome and the presence of mutations in human cancer.

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Severe COVID-19 may cause long-lasting alterations to the innate immune system, the first line of defense against pathogens, according to a small study funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.

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New results from researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine suggest that intermittent fasting could be an effective treatment approach for Alzheimer’s disease.

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Most of us who’ve reached middle age have noticed a slowing in memory and cognition, but scientists don’t have a clear picture of the molecular changes that take place in the brain to cause it. Now, a study in mice has determined that the most pronounced changes occur in the white matter, a type of nervous system tissue that’s integral to transmitting signals across the brain.

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The findings point to possible mechanisms behind intestinal conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and also suggest avenues to develop more effective probiotics.

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The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Research Highlights showcases the latest breakthroughs in cancer care, research and prevention.

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Gliomas are incurable brain tumors. Researchers are trying to unlock the mysteries of how they originate from normal cells, which may lead to better treatments.

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Led by Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and other institutions around the world, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium has completed a deep analysis of the proteins driving cancer across multiple tumor types, information that can’t be assessed by genome sequencing alone. Understanding how proteins operate in cancer cells raises the prospect of new therapies.

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Promising preclinical results from UC San Diego show hematopoietic stem cell therapy was effective in rescuing memory loss, neuroinflammation and beta amyloid build-up in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

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The rare moss Takakia has adapted over millions of years to a life at high altitudes.

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Plants have a complex layer of regulation that allows beneficial fungi to colonize their roots while protecting them from harmful ones such as pathogens. Researchers recently identified the underlying plant signaling processes within this layer of regulation that permits a specific beneficial bacteria species to colonize the roots of switchgrass.

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Loss of a gene known as SYNCRIP in prostate cancer tumors unleashes cellular machinery that creates random mutations throughout the genome that drive resistance to targeted treatments, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers discovered. The findings, published in Cancer Cell, could lead to new interventions that thwart this process in prostate and other cancer types, making them far easier to treat.

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Using a novel proteogenomic strategy and a variety of machine learning tools, investigators from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and colleagues have identified a 64-protein signature that may predict a subset of ovarian cancer patients who are unlikely to respond to chemotherapy. The multicenter study, published online August 3 in Cell, reports on a pioneering analysis of chemo-refractoriness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The work also implicates possible therapeutic targets for these patients.

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In a first, scientists define five types of colon neurons specialized for sending different signals to the brain.

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The Birrer Laboratory at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute helped discover a proteogenomic signature in ovarian cancer that may improve the way the disease is treated around the world. The discovery, which identifies a 64-protein-gene signature that can predict primary treatment resistance in patients with high grade ovarian cancer, was published Aug. 3 in the journal Cell.

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Researchers have discovered a new way to attack fungal infections. The key is to block fungi from being able to make fatty acids, the major component of fats.

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Las anomalías cromosómicas son un rasgo característico de las células cancerosas. Los defectos en el genoma derivados de la separación incorrecta de cromosomas (y el ADN que contienen) en cada división celular conllevan crecimiento tumoral y resistencia al tratamiento.