Newswise — In a new federal report published today, Rutgers researchers say autism continues to be far more common in 8-year-old children in New Jersey than elsewhere in the United States.
The researchers said the cause of the surging numbers in New Jersey hasn’t been determined.
“It is surprising that the prevalence of a significant disorder like autism has risen so consistently over a relatively brief period,” said Walter Zahorodny, an associate professor of pediatrics at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, who directed the New Jersey autism-monitoring site. “Changes in awareness and shifts in how children are identified or diagnosed are relevant, but they only take you so far in accounting for an increase of this magnitude. We don’t know what is driving the surge in autism recorded by the ADDM Network and others.”
New Jersey’s autism prevalence rate for 8 year-olds is one in 32 compared to one in 54 nationwide, according to the analysis of 2016 data in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summary.
New Jersey’s rate is higher than the estimate from 2014 that found a one-in-59 prevalence among 8 year-olds. The 2016 estimate is 175 percent higher than baseline estimates established in 2000. The data come from 11 U.S. communities participating in the CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. The investigation also shows more children are being evaluated and identified with autism at younger ages. The latest findings draw on data from two separate reports on 8- and 4-year-old children.
The latest report’s findings:
Geographic Differences in Prevalence
Autism prevalence in the 11 communities varied widely, from 1.3 percent in Colorado to 3.1 percent in New Jersey. New Jersey has been the leading indicator of autism prevalence since inception of the Network and the current findings show autism affected one in 34 children in New Jersey. Some of the difference between states’ estimates could be due to how autism is diagnosed and documented or to differences in access to special education services, said Zahorodny. Also, some ADDM sites, including New Jersey, can review both health and educational records of children, which can lead to more children being identified with autism.
Sex-Based Differences
Boys were more than four times as likely to be identified with autism as girls. However, girls identified with autism were more likely to have intellectual disability than boys (39 percent of girls vs. 32 percent of boys). Five percent of 8- year-old (1 in 20) boys in New Jersey were identified with autism.
Race-Based Disparities Persist
Despite improvements in autism identification of black children, the new report indicates that significant race-based disparities continue. Most importantly, in most states, Hispanic children are identified with autism at lower rates than black or white children. Also, black and Hispanic children with autism receive evaluations at older ages than white children. This means black and Hispanic children with autism are not identified at the same rates as white children and may have delayed or limited interventions for autism.
Improvements in Early Identification of Autism
A separate report published today looking at autism prevalence among 4-year-old children shows improvement in the proportion of children who receive a first developmental screening by the age of 36 months. According to the authors, 84 percent of 4-year-olds received a first professional evaluation by 36 months of age, compared to 74 percent in the previous report from 2014. This is important because the earlier that children are identified with autism, the sooner they can be connected to services that can lead to a better quality of life.
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