Feature Channels: AIDS and HIV

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There have been significant advances in clinical and scientific research in the understanding of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs), which are pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Updating a statement from 1995, this document is intended as a general guide to clinical practice based on the current state of evidence, while acknowledging the need for modification as new knowledge becomes available.

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A new study, published this month in Lancet HIV by Penn Medicine researchers, shows that a naltrexone implant placed under the skin was more effective at helping HIV-positive patients with an opioid addiction reduce relapse and have better HIV-related outcomes compared to the oral drug.

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Shield Diagnostics, an Andreessen Horowitz-backed clinical laboratory tackling antibiotic resistance by bringing precision medicine to infectious disease, announced the launch of Target-NG, a rapid molecular test for antibiotic susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases awarded a grant to researchers at New York University College of Dentistry to study HIV latency. The grant provides nearly $2 million over five years to support research led by David N. Levy, PhD, associate professor of basic science and craniofacial biology at NYU Dentistry.

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The 2019 Pittsburgh Women who Rock Award will be presented to Sharon L. Hillier, Ph.D., at the 3rd annual Women who Rock Benefit Concert Presented by UPMC Health Plan and UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital on Thursday, May 30, at Stage AE. Dr. Hillier is professor and vice chair of the department of obstetrics

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Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers are attending the annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), where they are sharing their latest findings in the ongoing battle against HIV/AIDS and related infectious diseases with other top basic, translational and clinical researchers from around the world. This year’s conference is being held March 4 to 7 at the Washington State Convention Center in Seattle.

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Most heroin users in Baltimore, a city heavily affected by the opioid epidemic, recognize that the heroin they buy is now almost always laced with the highly dangerous synthetic opioid fentanyl, according to a new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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Novel study to investigate how sexual trauma increases HIV susceptibility in women.

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A new study reveals details about the evolutionary contest between HIV and the human immune system that could one day improve treatment. Research led by Shan-Lu Liu of The Ohio State University demonstrates the important role of one protein in allowing HIV to flourish within human cells despite the immune system’s efforts to beat it back.

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Rutgers School of Public Health dean, Perry N. Halkitis and associate professor of epidemiology, Henry F. Raymond, have joined New Jersey’s new “End AIDS Epidemic Committee.” The Committee, which was convened by Governor Phil Murphy, is one of several measures being taken by New Jersey to curtail new HIV infections and improve the health of those living with the virus.

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Researchers examined the effect of vaginal tenofovir 1 percent gel use on the risk of acquiring herpes simplex virus type 2, or HSV-2.

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LeVar Burton, a celebrated American actor, director, producer and writer for more than 40 years, is adding another accolade—this one for his tireless, decades-long dedication to children’s literacy and AIDS research and treatment.

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A new way to create proteins that can sneak through HIV’s protective coating may be a step toward understanding the key components needed for developing a vaccine for the virus, according to researchers.

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A team led by José Bauermeister, PhD, MPH, Presidential Professor of Nursing and Director of the Program on Sexuality, Technology, & Action Research (PSTAR), at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) designed the My Desires & Expectations (myDEx) tool to address cognitive and emotional factors that influence YGBMSM sexual decision-making when seeking partners online.

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A District Court injunction preventing the military discharge of two Air Force members living with HIV was responsive to medical evidence and reflected important recognition of advances in treatment for HIV, as well as of the abilities of people with the virus to enjoy productive healthy lives.

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Programs to prevent HIV in transgender women are helping to lower the rate of new infection but better care and treatment of this vulnerable population is still needed, especially among those of lower income or people of color, according to a new Rutgers study.

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Using HIV genetic data, researchers discovered that transgender women in Los Angeles are at higher risk of being in an HIV transmission network than men who have sex with men. In addition, cisgender men in these clusters should be considered at higher risk for HIV than previously thought.

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Director of the Southwest National Primate Research Center Professor Deepak Kaushal, Ph.D. says research he collaborated on is pinpointing a possible new avenue of protection for HIV/AIDS patients. The study, published this month in the journal Cell Reports helps scientists better understand how HIV promotes deadly cases of tuberculosis (TB).

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It's long been known that couples HIV testing and counseling is an effective way to mutually disclose HIV status and link to health care––unfortunately, couples don't use it even though it's widely available.

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The immunotherapy that has revolutionized treatment of many cancers appear to offer similar benefit to cancer patients living with HIV.

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An international team of collaborators found that the CD4 surface protein, which is used by HIV and SIV as the receptor to enter immune cells, is highly variable among wild chimpanzees.

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University’s nationally-recognized Institute of Clinical Bioethics collaborates with local institutions on newly published paper proposing a model for safe injection sites designed to prevent the deaths of thousands of Philadelphians vulnerable to an opioid overdose.

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Summaries of recent Fred Hutch research.

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The study is the first in the world to demonstrate that chickenpox vaccine, when given to people who are already immune to it, does not trigger an unwanted “HIV-welcoming” immune state in the genital mucosa (lining) or in the bloodstream.

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Research out of the University of Kentucky has identified a potential pathway by which certain ARV drugs -- commonly given to patients with HIV -- give rise to liver disease.

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Until now, researchers haven’t been able to accurately quantify a latent form of HIV that persists in patients’ immune cells. A new genetic technique is fast and 10 to 100 times more accurate than previous diagnostics.

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Nearly 1 percent of high school seniors report using Flakka, a highly potent and potentially dangerous synthetic drug, according to a study by researchers at NYU School of Medicine, the Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research (CDUHR) at NYU College of Global Public Health, and Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

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Los Alamos National Laboratory Fellow Bette Korber will discuss her work designing a vaccine against HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) in three Frontiers in Science public lectures beginning Jan. 31 in Los Alamos.

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A practical resource-based public health approach for the rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals living in low- and middle-income countries could save thousands of lives, according to an Essay published January 15 in the open-access journal PLOS Medicine by Mark Tenforde of the University of Washington School of Medicine, and colleagues.

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With $13.4 million dollars in awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) retains its top spot for research funding for the 2018 fiscal year, among other schools of nursing. This is the second consecutive year Penn Nursing has earned first place.

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Clinical services to prevent and treat wounds, abscesses and infections caused as a result of injection drug use are now being offered at the University of Illinois at Chicago’s Community Outreach Intervention Project’s, or COIP, west side field office. Services will be provided by physicians, nurses and students from UIC’s Urban Global Medicine Program and the UIC College of Nursing.

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Summaries of recent Fred Hutch research, with links for additional background and media contacts.

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MSU scientists have discovered SLAMF7, an immune receptor, has the ability to tone down the body’s immune response when activated on certain white blood cells. Yet, for certain HIV patients who experience a myriad of health issues, the researchers found that these patients’ receptors don’t work properly.

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Embargoed research covered by CBS News

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Experts and research on important topics in the healthcare system

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Appointments Strengthen Institute’s Efforts to Improve Health of People and Communities Locally and Abroad

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Researchers from the George Washington University received more than $3.1 million from the National Institutes of Health to investigate the causes of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients

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Chinese gay men who were offered a free STD test and then asked to donate to the testing of another man were 48 percent more likely to get tested than men offered the standard of care, UNC researchers found. Learn how this approach could be applied for testing of other diseases.

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Researchers used NMR to detail how the matrix domain of the Avian Sarcoma Virus Gag protein binds to certain phospholipids. These phospholipids are vital for Gag protein binding to the plasma membrane of a cell, as the virus replicates and takes its first step toward virus formation and budding.

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Recent study finds text-based counseling may help decrease HIV risk among stigmatized European community.

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Of the 34 million people worldwide with HIV, and the 200 million with schistosomiasis, the majority live in Africa— where millions of people are simultaneously infected with both diseases. Now, researchers reporting in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases have shown that schistosomiasis infections are associated with increased HIV onward transmission, HIV acquisition in HIV negative women with urogenital schistosomiasis, and progression to death in HIV positive women.

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A team led by Duke Human Vaccine Institute researchers, publishing online Dec. 11 in the journal Immunity, reported that they have filled in a portion of the roadmap toward effective neutralization of HIV, identifying the steps that a critical HIV antibody takes to develop and maintain its ability to neutralize the virus.

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Summaries of recent Fred Hutch research with links for additional background and media contacts.

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AIDS patients suffer higher rates of cancer because they have fewer T-cells in their bodies to fight disease. But new research examines why HIV-infected patients have higher rates of cancer—among the leading causes of death among that population—than the general population.

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UC San Diego Medical Center in Hillcrest was named a Top Teaching Hospital by The Leapfrog Group. The award is widely acknowledged as one of the most competitive honors that a U.S. hospital can receive.