Credit: "Figure by M. Butcher, courtesy of A. Nevidomskyy/Rice University"
Physicists at Rice University and Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University discovered “stacked pancakes of liquid magnetism” that arise in some helical magnets due to changes in the arrangement of magnetic dipoles when the material warms. At very low temperatures (bottom panel), the orderly arrangement of dipoles leads to magnetism. At high temperature (top panel), dipoles are disordered and the material is nonmagnetic. Pancakes of liquidlike magnetism (middle panel) arise at an intermediate temperature where magnetic interactions within horizontal 2D layers are much stronger than vertical interactions between layers.