Fabrication of substrate-independent superhydrophobic surfaces: (a) Schematic diagram for fabrication of substrate-independent superhydrophobic surfaces; (b) Photos of the water droplets placed on the Pristine ceramic, Ti, Si, and quartz glass, respectively; (c) Optical photos and static contact angles of the water droplets placed on the LTC-SA, LTT-SA, LTS-SA, and LTQ-SA, respectively; (d) Comparison of WCAs on pristine and treated samples surfaces; (e) Comparison between our proposed method and previously reported other preparation methods for superhydrophobic surfaces.