Fig.1 Heatmap of correlation between phytochemical compounds present in RCS and SFE-extracted oil.
A research team has identified a wealth of bioactive compounds in red clover (Trifolium pratense ) seeds and their oil, positioning them as a promising source for functional ingredients in food and health care products. Researchers reveal that red clover seed oil contains high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols, opening doors for potential pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
Red clover, a flowering plant in the Fabaceae family, is widely grown across temperate regions and known for its nitrogen-fixing ability, enriching soil fertility. It has been valued for its potential in sustainable agriculture and as a cover crop to prevent soil erosion and reduce pesticide use. However, its seeds—commonly used for animal feed—have received little attention for their potential health benefits. While extracts of red clover flowers have been used to treat various health conditions such as menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular diseases, little research has been conducted on the bioactive compounds present in red clover seeds.
A study (DOI:10.48130/fia-0024-0002 ) published in Food Innovation and Advances on 28 February 2024, suggests that red clover seed oil could serve as a functional ingredient in health-promoting foods or pharmaceuticals.
The research team used supercritical CO2 extraction to extract oil from red clover seeds. They used advanced metabolomics techniques to analyze the chemical composition of red clover seeds (RCS), focusing on proteins, sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Proteins were found at 6.9 g/100 g of dry matter, while sugars, primarily sucrose and fructose, accounted for 77% and 14% of total sugars, respectively. These sugars contribute to gut health by promoting beneficial microbes. Additionally, red clover seeds were rich in phenolic compounds such as flavanonols and flavonols, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. The most abundant phenolic compounds identified were taxifolin hexoside and quercetin, both contributing to cardiovascular health and oxidative stress reduction. Furthermore, the seeds contained 7.0 g/100 g of lipids, with polyunsaturated fatty acids making up 79% of the total, including linoleic acid (72%). These fatty acids play significant roles in reducing inflammation and supporting heart health. Tocopherols, predominantly alpha-tocopherol (97%), were also identified, showing promise as antioxidants. The use of supercritical CO2 extraction yielded an oil rich in bioactive lipids and unsaturated fatty acids, making red clover seed oil a potential ingredient for functional foods and pharmaceuticals due to its health-promoting properties.
According to the study's lead researcher, Dr. Baoru Yang, "This is the first detailed examination of red clover seeds and their oil using advanced metabolomics techniques. Our findings demonstrate the high nutritional and bioactive value of these seeds, particularly their rich content of unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols. Red clover seed oil could be a game-changer for functional foods and pharmaceuticals."
This pioneering research marks the first comprehensive study of red clover seeds and their oil, uncovering a range of bioactive compounds that offer promising health benefits. With further exploration, red clover seed oil could become a valuable ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries, supporting human health and wellness.
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References
DOI
Original Source URL
https://maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/fia-0024-0002
Funding information
the Finland-China Food and Health Network (funded by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture),
FOODNUTRI-Climate Smart Food and Nutrition Research Infrastructure (funded by the Research Council of Finland, No. 337980)
the FIRI 2021 call: Non-roadmap research infrastructures as part of the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (No. 345916).
About Food Innovation and Advances
Food is essential to life and relevant to human health. The rapidly increasing global population presents a major challenge to supply abundant, safe, and healthy food into the future. The open access journal Food Innovation and Advances (e-ISSN 2836-774X), published by Maximum Academic Press in association with China Agricultural University, Zhejiang University and Shenyang Agricultural University, publishes high-quality research results related to innovations and advances in food science and technology. The journal will strive to contribute to food sustainability in the present and future.
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