This composite image of Arp 107, created with data from the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) reveal a wealth of information about the star-formation and how these two galaxies collided hundreds of million years ago.
This image of Arp 107, shown by Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument), reveals the supermassive black hole that lies in the center of the large spiral galaxy to the right. This black hole, which pulls much of the dust into lanes, also display’s Webb’s characteristic diffraction spikes, caused by the light that it emits interacting with the structure of the telescope itself.
This video tours Arp 107, two galaxies that collided hundreds of millions of years ago. The journey begins and ends on a new mid- and near-infrared image from the James Webb Space Telescope, and includes a fade to the mid-infrared view from Webb. Webb has captured the pair of galaxies in the process of merging, which will take hundreds of millions of years.
Enjoy this trip to Arp 107, starting with a view of the constellations Ursa Major and Leo Minor. The journey to Arp 107, seen as we pass thousands of galaxies, would take light 450 million years to complete. As we approach Arp 107, the images transition from those taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to the newest image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Webb provides new details into these interacting galaxies, including a view from its Mid-Infrared Instrument, into the supermassive black hole at the center of Arp’s disturbed spiral galaxy.
Newswise — Smile for the camera! An interaction between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy, collectively known as Arp 107, seems to have given the spiral a happier outlook thanks to the two bright “eyes” and the wide semicircular “smile.” The region has been observed before in infrared by NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope in 2005, however NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope displays it in much higher resolution. This image is a composite, combining observations from Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) and NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera).
NIRCam highlights the stars within both galaxies and reveals the connection between them: a transparent, white bridge of stars and gas pulled from both galaxies during their passage. MIRI data, represented in orange-red, shows star-forming regions and dust that is composed of soot-like organic molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. MIRI also provides a snapshot of the bright nucleus of the large spiral, home to a supermassive black hole.
The spiral galaxy is classified as a Seyfert galaxy, one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with galaxies that host quasars. Seyfert galaxies aren’t as luminous and distant as quasars, making them a more convenient way to study similar phenomena in lower energy light, like infrared.
This galaxy pair is similar to the Cartwheel Galaxy, one of the first interacting galaxies that Webb observed. Arp 107 may have turned out very similar in appearance to the Cartwheel, but since the smaller elliptical galaxy likely had an off-center collision instead of a direct hit, the spiral galaxy got away with only its spiral arms being disturbed.
The collision isn’t as bad as it sounds. Although there was star formation occurring before, collisions between galaxies can compress gas, improving the conditions needed for more stars to form. On the other hand, as Webb reveals, collisions also disperse a lot of gas, potentially depriving new stars of the material they need to form.
Webb has captured these galaxies in the process of merging, which will take hundreds of millions of years. As the two galaxies rebuild after the chaos of their collision, Arp 107 may lose its smile, but it will inevitably turn into something just as interesting for future astronomers to study.
Arp 107 is located 465 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Leo Minor.
For more information or to download full-resolution images, visit https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2024/news-2024-132.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).
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Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
Caption: This composite image of Arp 107, created with data from the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) reveal a wealth of information about the star-formation and how these two galaxies collided hundreds of million years ago.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
Caption: This image of Arp 107, shown by Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument), reveals the supermassive black hole that lies in the center of the large spiral galaxy to the right. This black hole, which pulls much of the dust into lanes, also display’s Webb’s characteristic diffraction spikes, caused by the light that it emits interacting with the structure of the telescope itself.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI)
Caption: This video tours Arp 107, two galaxies that collided hundreds of millions of years ago. The journey begins and ends on a new mid- and near-infrared image from the James Webb Space Telescope, and includes a fade to the mid-infrared view from Webb. Webb has captured the pair of galaxies in the process of merging, which will take hundreds of millions of years.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Alyssa Pagan (STScI); NSF's NOIRLab, Akira Fujii DSS
Caption: Enjoy this trip to Arp 107, starting with a view of the constellations Ursa Major and Leo Minor. The journey to Arp 107, seen as we pass thousands of galaxies, would take light 450 million years to complete. As we approach Arp 107, the images transition from those taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to the newest image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Webb provides new details into these interacting galaxies, including a view from its Mid-Infrared Instrument, into the supermassive black hole at the center of Arp’s disturbed spiral galaxy.
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