Scientists from UC San Francisco describe capturing and studying individual metastatic cells from human breast cancer tumors implanted into mice as the cells escaped into the blood stream and began to form tumors elsewhere in the body.
Scientists at The Ohio State University Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute have identified a new genetic cause for congenital heart arrhythmia. The mechanism is due to defects in the regulation of the primary sodium channel, which controls the flow of sodium ions across the heart cell membrane.
University of Adelaide researchers have uncovered the role played by a gene which suppresses the development of cancer.
How is individualized medicine working? Let us count the ways.
A first draft of the “tree of life” for the roughly 2.3 million named species of animals, plants, fungi and microbes has been released, and two University of Michigan biologists played a key role in its creation.
A team of geneticists led by Prof. Đurđica Ugarković of the Croatian Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) have for the first time proved that satellite DNA plays an important regulatory role in how organisms adapt to stressful changes in their environment. These results could in the future help scientists explain how an organism successfully survives stress. The study was published in the leading genetic journal PLoS Genetics.
University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences researchers have taken a big step toward breeding tastier blueberries with a three-year study that examined the traits consumers desire. Now they have specific breeding targets to improve flavor.
Researchers have silenced genes within human cells to induce immunity to the parasite E. histolytica, demonstrating the effectiveness of a new approach to protecting people from infectious diseases.
In the first and largest studies to examine subtle variation of imprinted gene expression and control, investigators from Dartmouth’s Norris Cotton Cancer Center, report in two papers published recently in Epigenetics on a subgroup of imprinted genes expressed in the placenta
An unprecedented large study provides compelling evidence that long telomere length increases the risk of lung adenocarcinoma
Reviewing thousands of genome wide associate studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), investigators at Dartmouth’s Norris Cotton Cancer Center found that some alleles (one of a pair of genes located on a specific chromosome) are more frequently risk-associated with disease than protective.
Single grandparents raising grandchildren are more vulnerable to poor physical and mental health than are single parents, according to a study recently published in current gerontology and geriatrics research.
Genetics researchers from Case Western Reserve School of Medicine have identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), dubbed DACOR1, that has the potential to stymie the growth of tumor cells in the second-most deadly form of cancer in the U.S. — colorectal cancer.
Salk scientists find key molecular mechanism that underlies deadly behavior in hard-to-treat breast cancer
Scientists at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have elucidated a genetic interaction that may prove key to the development and progression of glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease that affects tens of millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
D&D Ranch looks as if it would be located in Oklahoma or Texas, but it actually sits atop a reclaimed strip mine in Eastern Kentucky. The 1000 acre ranch is home to the East Kentucky Heifer Development Project, which has helped local farmers improve their cattle herds for the last 17 years.
A consensus statement from the Hinxton Group, global experts in bioethics, stem cell research and science policy, asserts that human genome editing research is essential to scientific knowledge and should be permitted, and there may be morally acceptable uses of the technology in human reproduction.
The study, published in Nature Genetics, paves the way for potential personalized medicine approaches for the deadly cancer type.
Researchers analyzing the complicated genetic influences in inflammatory bowel disease have discovered new gene variants associated with an often-severe type of the disease that affects children under age five. The genes play key roles in immune function.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that one strain of mice which were genetically prone to become obese became resistant to excess weight gain after their populations of gut microbiota were transformed simply by an sharing an environment with other mice.
Women who are carriers of mutated BRCA genes are known to have a significantly higher risk for developing breast and ovarian cancers than those who don’t have the mutations. But a new study by UCLA faculty questions the value of screening for the genetic mutations in the general population—including those who do not have cancer or have no family history of the disease— because of the high cost.
Vaccines to protect against an avian influenza pandemic as well as seasonal flu may be mass produced more quickly and efficiently using technology described today (Sept. 2) by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the journal Nature Communications.
Investigating how the microbiome impacts human health, the labs of Dr. Eran Elinav and Prof. Eran Segal at the Weizmann Institute of Science took a fresh approach: measuring the growth rate of the bacteria. The findings led Dr. Elinav to say, “microbial growth rate reveals things about our health that cannot be seen with any other analysis method.”
For children with rare, aggressive and advanced cancer, precision medicine may help doctors determine their best treatment options, a new study finds. Using information from a patient’s entire genome helped suggest personalized treatment options for nearly half of children with cancer, and led to specific treatment changes in a quarter of these patients.
The use of two newer genetic testing technologies (chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing) among children with autism spectrum disorder may help identify genetic mutations potentially linked to the disorder, according to a study in the September 1 issue of JAMA. The study also found that children with certain physical anomalies were more likely to have genetic mutations, findings that may help identify children who could benefit most from genetic testing.
Vision researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have discovered a gene that causes myopia, but only in people who spend a lot of time in childhood reading or doing other “nearwork.”
The scientific team of a new biotech company Gero in collaboration with one of the leading academics in the field of aging, Prof. Robert J. Shmookler Reis, has recently brought new insights into biology of aging and age-related diseases, primarily, around the stability and stress resistance of certain gene regulatory networks.
The fungus Cryptococcus causes meningitis, a brain disease that kills about 1 million people each year. It’s difficult to treat because fungi are genetically quite similar to humans, so compounds that affect fungi tend to have toxic side effects for patients. Now, researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified 18 proteins that play a role in spore formation and germination. The findings raises the possibility of preventing the disease by blocking the spores’ germination.
Scientists led by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital have identified how mutations in the IKZF1 gene contribute to a high-risk leukemia subtype and drugs that may enhance the effectiveness of targeted therapy
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and University of Massachusetts Medical School uncover the mechanism underlying the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
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Researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, along with colleagues at Emory University and Cedars-Sinai, have published in the journal Gastroenterology the first major, in-depth analysis of genetic risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease in African-Americans.
For patients with an often-deadly form of leukemia, new research suggests that lingering cancer-related mutations – detected after initial treatment with chemotherapy – are associated with an increased risk of relapse and poor survival. Using genetic profiling to study bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), researchers found that those whose cells still carried mutations 30 days after the initiation of chemotherapy were about three times more likely to relapse and die than patients whose bone marrow was cleared of these mutations. The study, by a team at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is published Aug. 25 in JAMA.
A bacterial infection turns non-farming social amoebae into farmers Washington University evolutionary biologists report in the August 24 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Scientists who analyzed the genes involved in 10 autoimmune diseases that begin in childhood have found 22 genome-wide signals shared by two or more diseases. These shared gene sites may reveal potential targets for treatment with existing drugs.
Researchers made the connection by analyzing blood samples taken from 40 participants enrolled in the diaBEAT-it program, a long-term study run by the Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center.
Scientists report they have deciphered the structure and unusual shape of a bacterial protein that prepares segments of DNA for the insertion of so-called jumping genes. The clamshell shape, they say, has never before been seen in a protein but connects nicely with its function: that of bending a segment of DNA into a 180-degree U-turn.
A study led by researchers at UCSF has found that when that when self-identification matters most – in connecting bone marrow donors to patients – the format of the questions may determine how well the answers actually correspond to their genes.
Results of a trio of studies done on human cancer tissue biopsies have added to growing evidence that a so-called jumping gene called LINE-1 is active during the development of many gastrointestinal cancers.
An Oak Ridge National Laboratory team of comparative genomics and computational science researchers compared approximately 4,000 complete virus genomes downloaded from a public database known as GenBank. By compressing the sequence files, the team created a virus dendrogram that maps out the relationships among all the different virus families.
Using a specially designed computational tool as a lure, scientists have netted the genomic sequences of almost 12,500 previously uncharacterized viruses from public databases.
When fruit flies are attacked by parasites or bacteria they respond by producing offspring with greater genetic variability. These findings demonstrate that parents may purposefully alter the genotypes of their offspring to increase their chance of survival.
Hand-written letters and old photos seem quaint in today’s digital age. But there’s one thing traditional media have over hard drives: longevity. Scientists are turning to nature’s master of information storage to save data. One team demonstrated that synthetic DNA can last 2,000 years, and they’re now working to index the system to make it easier to navigate. They present their work today at the 250th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
In a new study, researchers managed to narrow down 900 million possibilities requiring examination of the connection between genetic markers and genetic expression to just 340,000, in the process identifying “social” genes that play a cooperative role
The first whole genome analysis of an octopus reveals unique genomic features that likely played a role in the evolution of traits such as large complex nervous systems and adaptive camouflage. The findings are published in Nature on Aug 12, 2015.
Each of your kidneys wears a little yellow cap that helps keep blood pressure in check, and much more. But in some people, it starts running amok, pumping out a hormone that sends blood pressure sky-high. Why this happens is still a mystery. But new findings could help figure out what's going on.
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