Feature Channels: Kidney Disease

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The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) congratulate the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Diseases for submitting its final report for publication.

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DALLAS – Aug. 23, 2021 – A first-in-kind kidney cancer drug developed from laboratory and translational studies conducted at UT Southwestern Medical Center received approval from the Food and Drug Administration, providing a new treatment for patients with familial kidney cancer.

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Expert Q&A: Do breakthrough cases mean we will soon need COVID boosters? The extremely contagious Delta variant continues to spread, prompting mask mandates, proof of vaccination, and other measures. Media invited to ask the experts about these and related topics.

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Despite their higher risk of chronic kidney disease, people with hypertension or diabetes usually are not given a simple test for protein in the urine to screen for this potentially deadly disorder.

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In one of the most comprehensive genome-wide association studies of its kind, Penn researchers have identified 182 genes likely responsible for kidney function — many of which can be targeted with existing drugs — and 88 genes for hypertension.

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研究发现，人类肾结石至少和吉萨金字塔一样古老。已知最古老的肾结石是在公元前4400年的埃及墓葬中发现的。妙佑医疗国际仅去年一年便在全世界范围内处理和分析了大约90,000个肾结石。

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Los cálculos renales en los seres humanos son tan antiguos como las pirámides de Guiza y, de hecho, el cálculo renal más antiguo se encontró en un satén mortuorio egipcio del año 4400 A.C. El año pasado, Mayo Clinic procesó y analizó aproximadamente 90 000 cálculos renales procedentes de todo el mundo.

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The FDA and CDC have just approved and recommended an additional dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for moderately and severely immunocompromised people. Who should get it?

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Patients receiving in-hospital dialysis treatment for kidney disease produce a larger neutralising antibody response when given the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, compared to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, according to laboratory findings published today (Thursday) as a Correspondence in The Lancet.

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• In individuals with kidney disease, those with high body mass index variability faced higher risks of needing kidney replacement therapy, experiencing a heart attack, experiencing a stroke, and dying prematurely.

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• Pooled results from phase 3 clinical trials demonstrate that roxadustat is efficacious and may be comparable to placebo in studies done to date for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease who do not require dialysis.

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• In a clinical trial of individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes, which is the leading cause of kidney disease, vitamin D supplementation did not have significant effects on kidney health. • As participants were not selected according to baseline vitamin D levels, investigators cannot exclude a kidney benefit for individuals with vitamin D deficiency.

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妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic) 的研究人员发现，与COVID-19（2019 冠状病毒病）相关的急性肾损伤类似于败血症引起的肾损伤，而且感染引发的免疫反应起着关键作用。

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Os pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic descobriram que a lesão renal aguda associada com a COVID-19 é muito similar à lesão renal causada por sepse e que a resposta imunológica ativada pela doença exerce um papel central.

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Los investigadores de Mayo Clinic descubrieron que la insuficiencia renal aguda relacionada con la COVID-19 actúa de forma similar al daño renal causado por la sepsis y que la reacción inmunitaria producida por la infección tiene un papel fundamental.

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In the most comprehensive analysis yet of ketogenic (keto) diets, a review in Frontiers in Nutrition finds keto diets place pregnant women and kidney disease patients at risk of adverse health effects.

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An artificial pancreas could soon help people living with type 2 diabetes and who also require kidney dialysis.

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• Removal of race adjustments to equations that estimate kidney function would increase the number of people categorized as having chronic kidney disease. • There are several modifications for removing race that vary in their expected impact on predicted kidney function values and associated clinical decisions. • Among race-free equations, the one based on blood measurements of cystatin C would likely result in the smallest changes.

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Mayo Clinic researchers have found that acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 resembles sepsis-caused kidney injury, and the immune response triggered by the infection plays a pivotal role. The findings, published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings, also suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction — a loss of function in cellular energy production — is commonly found in kidney injury related to COVID-19.

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Drinking too little water each day increases the risk of urinary stones. Recently, the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University has successfully developed a concentrated beverage from blue pea flowers and banana stems to reduce the risk of urinary stones formation.

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• The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced kidney, cardiovascular, and mortality risks in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, similar to benefits seen in individuals with normal or moderately impaired kidney function. • Rates of serious side effects were similar in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease who received dapagliflozin or placebo.

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Highlights • The results of a new study support the validity of a score that considers various patient-reported outcome measures and preferences for assessing health-related quality of life in individuals with kidney failure. • The score is calculated from assessments of cognitive function, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical functioning, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles

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University of South Australia researchers have a bone to pick when it comes to drinking too much coffee as new research finds that excess caffeine may be linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis.

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• In this analysis of U.S. adults with advanced kidney disease, even low levels of lead in community drinking water had a negative effect on health. • Higher lead levels were found in the drinking water of predominantly Black communities compared with predominantly white communities.

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• The physician-scientist workforce doing kidney research in the United States is increasingly made up of women and international medical graduates. • However, this workforce is older, declining in relative number, and is less overwhelmingly focused on basic rather than clinical science.

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• Patients with kidney failure did not report better experience with care from more frequent face-to-face visits with kidney specialists at dialysis facilities. • In fact, more frequent visits were linked with slightly lower patient-reported experiences with kidney-related care.

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• Among individuals with chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency was linked with higher risks of death and cardiovascular events, in patients with and without anemia. • Clinical trials are needed to test the effects of iron treatment, even in the absence of anemia, in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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A novel therapeutic may halt rapid kidney function in some type 1 diabetic kidney disease patients.

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KidneyCure (the ASN Foundation) is honored to continue its support of investigators committed to advancing kidney health. Building on decades of success, KidneyCure makes it possible to improve knowledge and treatment by identifying and funding high-impact projects.

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Elevated levels of three specific circulating proteins are associated with protection against kidney failure in diabetes, according to research from the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston.

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Wayne State University and Henry Ford Health System announced today the launch of a basic and translational research initiative in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease as a thematic focus for program growth.

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• In a study of patients waiting for a kidney transplant, those who experienced various symptoms had a higher risk of dying while on the waitlist. • Symptoms tended to increase or remain unchanged between transplant evaluation and transplantation; however, at 3 months after transplantation, 9 of 11 symptoms lessened.

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• Primary nephrotic syndrome is characterized by high urinary excretion of protein, low protein in the blood, high cholesterol, and swelling in the arms and legs. • A new analysis highlights the high risk of kidney failure and different cardiovascular complications in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome.

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• Among U.S. adults with kidney failure, many of those who have the longest expected post-transplant survival are not being placed on the kidney transplant waiting list. • African Americans, patients lacking commercial health insurance, and those residing in lower income communities are less likely to be waitlisted.

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• The five-year innovative pilot program offers financial support for trainees entering the field of nephrology, focusing on individuals historically underrepresented in medicine. • Six candidates selected in the first year of the program will each receive $50,000 over the course of three years toward the repayment of eligible student loans.

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Faculty from the McKelvey School of Engineering and the School of Medicine teamed up to design better grafts for dialysis patients.

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• The virus that causes COVID-19 can infect and replicate in human kidney cells, but this does not typically lead to cell death. • Kidney cells that already have features of injury may be more easily infected and develop additional injury.

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• A large majority of patients with kidney failure on dialysis—but not kidney transplant recipients—developed antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 vaccination. • Vaccination also led to strong T cell responses against the virus that causes COVID-19 in all patients on dialysis, and in nearly 58% of kidney transplant recipients.

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• Patients with kidney failure who are undergoing dialysis—whether at dialysis clinics or at home—face a higher risk of developing COVID-19 and a higher risk of dying from the disease.

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New collaborative research shows that treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to a significant improvement in survival and response rates among patients with a particularly aggressive type of kidney cancer: advanced sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. The study, which was led by a team from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and involved contributors from six centers, is detailed in a presentation at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2021 virtual annual meeting (abstract 4568).