Scientists at Purdue University investigate the impacts of manure application, crop rotation, and the rate of nitrogen application on carbon losses in the Journal of Environmental Quality.
In a breakthrough that will help scientists unlock mysteries of the Sun and its impacts on Earth, an international team of scientists led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has created the first-ever comprehensive computer model of sunspots. The resulting visuals capture both scientific detail and remarkable beauty.
A solar energy research team from Valparaiso University's College of Engineering will return to Switzerland this summer to continue testing the potential of harnessing the sun's energy for industrial applications.
Bacteria can anticipate a future event and prepare for it, according to new research at the Weizmann Institute. Such genetic conditioned response may be a widespread means of evolutionary adaptation that enhances survival in many organisms "“ and may also take place in the cells of higher organisms, including humans.
University of Oregon physicists have successfully landed a one-two punch on a tiny glass sphere, refrigerating it in liquid helium and then dosing its perimeter with a laser beam, to bring its naturally occurring mechanical vibrations to a near standstill. The findings could boost advances in information processing that exploits special quantum properties and in precision-measurements for nanotechnology.
Satellite observation of cloud temperatures may be able to accurately predict severe thunderstorms up to 45 minutes earlier than relying on traditional radar alone, say researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center.
Weaving chitosan, found in the shells of crabs and shrimp, with an industrial polyester creates a promising new material for biomedical applications, including the tiny tubes that support repair of a severed nerve.
Reaching beyond "how," and instead inquiring "why" vision evolved as it has over millions of years, Mark Changizi made a startling discovery: human beings do, indeed, have superpowers - telepathy, X-ray vision, seeing the future, and speaking with the dead. And it turns out that these superpowers, all related to vision, have been instrumental in shaping the way we interact with and see the world.
Three-dimensional, real-time X-ray images of patients could be closer to reality because of research recently completed by scientists at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a pair of Russian institutes.
A team of Virginia Commonwealth University scientists has discovered a "˜magnetic superatom' "“ a stable cluster of atoms that can mimic different elements of the periodic table "“ that one day may be used to create molecular electronic devices for the next generation of faster computers with larger memory storage.
Neuroscientists at the University of Washington were delighted at the reactions of former President George W. Bush and Iraq's Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki when an Iraqi reporter flung his shoes toward the two men during a Baghdad news conference. It confirmed experiments they were conducting.
It's conventional wisdom in atmospheric science circles: Large raindrops fall faster than smaller drops and no raindrop can fall faster than its "terminal speed." But two physicists from Michigan Technological University have determined that it ain't necessarily so.
Research on the disease-preventing, health-promoting benefits of meat and meat products makes them a viable contender in the functional food arena. Enriching meats with fiber, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids may help consumers to associate meat with a healthy lifestyle.
Scientists examining cells to study diseases could have a new tool that advances the field to a level previously imagined; Surgeons treating eye diseases could soon have three microfabricated surgical instruments; An analysis of the field of high-temperature superconductors which tracks global trends and performance in research, shows ORNL's Amit Goyal ranks No. 1 worldwide in the number of citations; Hundreds of new jobs are expected to result from production of a super-efficient water heater.
Matthew C. Nisbet, an expert on the intersections between science, media, and politics at American University's School of Communication, says that changes in scientific research and the rapidly changing media landscape demand that eight specific steps be taken by science organizations and journalists in order to better engage the general public and to accurately report scientific research.
American consumers can take heart that safety issues with foods processed in China are spurring research in the U.S. on new methods of detecting dangerous contaminants such as melamine in adulterated foods. In addition, the Chinese government has instituted new laws designed to lower the risk of exports from that country.
The fuzzy pale mold that lines the glass tubes in Dr. Yi Liu's lab doesn't look much like a clock. But this fungus has an internal, cell-based timekeeper nearly as sophisticated as a human's, allowing UT Southwestern Medical Center physiologists to study easily the biochemistry and genetics of body clocks, or circadian rhythms.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new method for using computer graphics to simulate and render an accurate visualization of a lunar eclipse. The model uses celestial geometry of the sun, Earth, and moon, along with data for the Earth's atmosphere and the moon's peculiar optical properties to create picture-perfect images of lunar eclipses.
Passenger screenings at the nation's airports can be conducted more efficiently without compromising aviation security, according to research at Virginia Commonwealth University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Before trying yet another diet fad or otherwise reducing dietary fat consumption, consider that fat and other essential nutrients may be the fountain of youth. During a scientific session titled "Food Science, Nutrition, and Skin: Lessons for the Food Producer and Consumer on Aging, Beauty, and Healthy Skin," three panelists presented strong evidence that fat is the great unifier in the battle against skin problems, signs of aging, and hair loss.
If you're clueless about petrology, paleobiology and plate tectonics, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Earth Science Literacy Initiative (ESLI) have just released a free pamphlet offering a concise primer on what all Americans should know about the Earth sciences.
Using the zebrafish as an animal model, researchers have discovered that the body uses hydrogen peroxide to sound the alarm when a tissue has been injured. As a direct result of this hydrogen-peroxide red alert, white blood cells come to the aid of the wounded site.
NIST physicists have demonstrated entanglement"”a phenomenon peculiar to the atomic-scale quantum world"”in a mechanical system similar to those in the macroscopic world. The work extends the boundaries of the arena where quantum behavior can be observed and shows how laboratory technology might be used to build a functional quantum computer.
In the quest for new approaches to treating and preventing disease, one appealing route involves turning genes on or off at will, directly intervening in ailments such as cancer and diabetes, which result when genes fail to turn on and off as they should.
Scientists have determined that combining bed bugs' own chemical signals with a common insect control agent makes that treatment more effective at killing the bugs.
To thrill-seekers, the roller coaster represents the ultimate in death-defying rides. But to physicists, the ride that's celebrating its 125th birthday on June 13 is a classic illustration of gravity, G-force and the law of conservation of energy. Hamilton College professor Amy Lytle describes how the principles of physics are used to power these increasingly thrilling amusement park rides.
Information exchange processes developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will be at the center of the effort to design and build the next generation of modern, highly efficient nuclear power plants.
Approximately a third of the electricity consumed by large data centers doesn't power the computer servers that conduct online transactions, serve Web pages or store information. Instead, that electricity must be used for cooling the servers, a demand that continues to increase as computer processing power grows.
A new type of deep-sea robotic vehicle called Nereus has successfully reached the deepest part of the world's ocean, reports a team of U.S. engineers and scientists aboard the research vessel Kilo Moana. The dive to 10,902 meters (6.8 miles) occurred on May 31, 2009, at the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean.
University of Arkansas researchers have characterized a membrane receptor protein and its binding mechanism from chloroplasts in plants and determined that it shares a commonly shaped binding site and mechanism with a similar protein found in E. coli.
By using ultrafast laser pulses to slice off pieces of chromosomes and observe how the chromosomes behave, biomedical engineers at the University of Michigan have gained pivotal insights into mitosis, the process of cell division.
New facility for hydrodynamics testing. Water tunnel research applications include race car aerodynamics, fuel efficiency, aerospace experiments, submarine/surface vessel efficiency, swimwear efficiency, baseball bat, golf club and cycling aerodynamics, fish schooling and soil erosion.
"True muonium," a long-theorized but never-seen tiny atom, might be observed in current and future super collider experiments, based on theoretical work published by researchers at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Arizona State University.
Task Force on American Innovation to Honor U.S. House Speaker Pelosi with "˜Legislator of the Year Award' for Outstanding Support of Scientific Research.
Sleep disturbances increase as we age. Some studies report more than half of seniors 65 years of age or older suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. Researchers have long believed that the sleep disturbances common among the elderly often result from a disruption of the body's circadian rhythms"”biological cycles that repeat approximately every 24 hours.
By creating a model of the active site found in a naturally occurring enzyme, chemists at the University of Illinois have described a catalyst that acts like nature's most pervasive hydrogen processor.
Sulfolobus islandicus, a microbe that can live in boiling acid, is offering up its secrets to researchers hardy enough to capture it from the volcanic hot springs where it thrives. In a new study, researchers report that populations of S. islandicus are more diverse than previously thought, and that their diversity is driven largely by geographic isolation.
A team of researchers at the University of Illinois has demonstrated that, counter to classical Newtonian mechanics, an entire collection of superconducting electrons in an ultrathin superconducting wire is able to "tunnel" as a pack from a state with a higher electrical current to one with a notably lower current, providing more evidence of the phenomenon of macroscopic quantum tunneling.
When scientist Loretta Mayer set out to alleviate diseases associated with menopause, she didn't realize her work could lead to addressing world hunger and feeding hundreds of millions of people.
A mixture of some organic acids and some extracts from plants turns out to be enough to greatly reduce pathogenic bacteria on chicken breast meat.
By combining the best of two different distance measurement approaches with a super-accurate technology called an optical frequency comb, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have built a laser ranging system that can pinpoint multiple objects with nanometer precision over distances up to 100 kilometers.
A breakthrough by researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology provides new ammunition in the war on terror. Their discovery of six never-before-seen polymorphic crystalline structures of TATP -- the easy-to-make but difficult to detect explosive increasingly used by terrorists worldwide -- will make it easier to detect the explosive even when it is concealed.
When velvetleaf weed grows in competition with corn, its genes used for photosynthesis and cell division are enhanced more so than if the weed grew in a monoculture.
In its first decade of work, a research effort at NIST to develop novel and improved "combinatorial" techniques for polymer research"”an effort that became the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (NCMC)"”realized economic benefits of at least $8.55 for every dollar invested by NIST and its industry partners, according to a new economic analysis.
Scripps scientists find unexpected role for proteins: antioxidants.
Physically based solute transport simulation models are widely used in environmental risk assessment for pesticides. These models may also be applicable for PPCPs when their physical and chemical properties and soil dissipation characteristics are available. The model MACRO is one of the models used in environmental risk assessments for pesticides and may have potential as an environmental risk assessment tool for PPCPs.
As director of the McGovern Institute, Robert Desimone divides his time between his administrative responsibilities and his own research on the control of attention. His career has reflected the evolution of the field, as basic research has begun to provide new insights into disease mechanisms.
Salad dressing aside, a pile of spinach has more nutritional value than a wedge of iceberg lettuce. That's because darker colors in leafy vegetables are often signs of antioxidants that are thought to have a variety of health benefits. Now a team of plant physiologists has developed a way to make lettuce darker and redder"”and therefore healthier"”using ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Curcumin, the major polyphenol found in turmeric, appears to reduce weight gain in mice and suppress the growth of fat tissue in mice and cell models. Researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University studied mice fed high fat diets supplemented with curcumin and cell cultures incubated with curcumin.
A team of University of Oregon biologists, using fruit flies, has created a way to isolate RNA from specific cells, opening a new window on how gene expression drives normal development and disease-causing breakdowns.
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