Northeastern University researchers Pran Nath, Daniel Feldman and Zuowei Liu have shown that the discovery of a proposed particle, dubbed the Stueckelberg Z prime, is possible utilizing the data being collected in the CDF and DO experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron.
Periodic deep inflation (akin to a sigh) combined with low tidal volume provides the best balance between keeping the lung open and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury, a study of ventilation therapy shows. The study with mice also demonstrates that there is an optimal number of deep inflations. Ventilation therapy is used with patients who cannot breathe on their own.
Using a novel mouse model to study how the immune system's fighter cells respond to invaders in the genital tract during the initial stage of infection, Harvard Medical School researchers have found a way to track immunity against Chlamydia. The new findings could help hasten the development of vaccines for Chlamydia and other STDs.
A neuroscience research team reports the protein tomosyn appears to play a key role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters in the synapse, suggesting a role in learning and memory.
Researchers who are trying to solve a longstanding mystery in chemistry and biology are getting answers from a seemingly unusual source: mathematics. Ultimately, the project could provide a tool for clinical research, because it could explain why cells sometimes react to medicines in unexpected ways.
Attempts to identify potential drugs that interfere with the action of one particular enzyme linked to heart disease and similar health problems led scientists at Johns Hopkins to create a new tool and new experimental approach that allow them to see multiple, real-time chemical reactions in living cells. Their report on the work is published July 21 in the journal ACS Chemical Biology.
While studying how a cell keeps its genetic material intact, scientists at Johns Hopkins got busy alternately knocking out two catalysts vital to managing a yeast cell's energy. They discovered to their complete surprise that the removal of one of them led the cell to turn off 70 percent of its 5,000 genes and die.
Researchers found that chronic ibuprofen therapy given after brain injury worsens cognitive abilities. These findings have important implications for traumatic brain injury patients who are often prescribed NSAIDs for chronic pain.
While erosion and wetland loss have become huge problems along Louisiana's coast, the land 30 to 50 feet beneath much of the Mississippi Delta has been very stable for the past 8,000 years, with low to nonexistent subsidence rates. So say geoscientists from Tulane University and Utrecht University in the Netherlands.
Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Lighting Research Center (LRC), through a two-year, $890,012 award from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), will examine the causes and effects of headlamp glare and develop technological solutions through advanced forward lighting systems.
Quantum mechanics, one of the most successful theories in all of science, says some strange things about the fundamental nature of the world. In a new book, Quantum Enigma: Physics Encounters Consciousness, physicists Bruce Rosenblum and Fred Kuttner present a clear exposition and entertaining discussion of the baffling mysteries of quantum physics.
DNA "“ the long, thin molecule that carries our hereditary material "“ is compressed around protein scaffolding in the cell nucleus into tiny spheres called nucleosomes. The bead-like nucleosomes are strung along the entire chromosome, which is itself folded and packaged to fit into the nucleus. What determines how, when and where a nucleosome will be positioned along the DNA sequence?
The constellation of shapes and sizes among bacteria is as remarkable as it is mysterious. Why should Spirochaeta halophila resemble a bedspring coil, Stella a star and Clostridium cocleatum a partly eaten donut? A new report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Indiana University Bloomington scientists answers that form-and-function question for one bacterium.
In partnership with industry, University at Buffalo researchers are conducting one of the first scientific air-quality tests of "allergy-friendly" hotel rooms. The project is expected to provide data applicable to other environments where indoor air quality is critical, such as in health-care facilities and aboard airplanes.
In tests on rats, researchers at Johns Hopkins and the University of Michigan have developed a treatment that helps spinal cord nerves regrow after injury. The findings will be published in the July 18 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study has implications for treating people who may face amputation of an arm after a violent injury in which nerves are wrenched from the spinal cord.
Researchers have discovered a new way to open ion channels in the membrane of cells. They found that an enzyme splits a lipid that surrounds the channel, with implications for designing new drugs to control ion-channel activity.
An international team of scientists will explore the seafloor near Papua New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean later this month with remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles, investigating active and inactive hydrothermal vents and the formation of mineral deposits containing copper, gold and other commercially valuable minerals.
Van Morrison sang about it, Peter Fonda starred in a movie about it, and people from all over the world will pay top dollar just to get some of it. It's tupelo honey, a honey so distinct, light and smooth that people describe it as they would a fine wine. But the future of tupelo honey production may not be so sweet.
For the first time, scientists have established the age structure of a non-avian dinosaur population. Using this information, they inferred which factors led to survival or death of group members.
A new UCLA imaging study finds political party allegiance affects the brain activity of partisans viewing the faces of candidates. Published online July 9, 2006, by the peer-reviewed journal Neuropsychologia, the study finds a partisan's brain responds to the opposition candidate's face by activating cognitive networks designed to regulate emotion.
Dr. Pedro Sanchez will speak at the World Congress of Soil Science. His focus will be the critical role of soil science in the effort to alleviate poverty and malnutrition in parts of Africa through science-based policies combined with community participation and decision making.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered a communication signal between cells that plays an important role in cell adhesion and detachment. The finding provides new information about how cells and tissues determine when to let go from surfaces during new growth, according to the researchers.
A breakthrough in the calculations needed to understand the strong nuclear force that comes from the motion of quarks and gluons is allowing scientists to begin finding answers to some profound questions.
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have discovered new ways that ions interact with mineral surfaces in water, opening a door to new knowledge on how contaminants travel in the environment. The insight, leads to a better understanding of the factors that determine water quality.
Using new technology that measrues the magnetic field generated by the activation of brain neurons, researchers tracked what appears to be a link between the listening and speaking areas of infants before they can speak.
People's perception of the environment influences public policy and action toward the environment, according to Michael Urban, a University of Missouri-Columbia researcher. He studied the transformation of central Illinois prairie into farmland in the 19th century, a process that illustrates how people change the landscape to match the environment they imagine.
Seventeen years after Exxon Valdez spilled more than 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound, researchers have concluded that the ecosystem has fully recovered. The study was conducted by Dr. Mark Harwell and Dr. Jack Gentile and appears in the upcoming July 2006 issue of Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM).
Thousands of chemicals are treated in waste-water treatment plants. The resulting sludge often is applied to land to amend soil. Yet sludge concentration data for only 516 organic chemicals can be found in peer-reviewed and official government reports, say Cornell researchers.
What people desire, hope, fear or wishfully think can influence how they perceive visually ambiguous stimuli, according to a new study by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning and graduate student Emily Balcetis.
Biologists generally accept that evolutionary change can take from decades to millennia, while ecological change can occur over mere days or seasons. However, a new Cornell study shows that evolution and ecology can operate on the same time scale.
Copper sulfate foot baths for dairy cows may not only reduce crop yields but also contribute to the copper load in farm fields. A study is under way to look at how the use of the copper sulfate affects three crops' quality and yields and to determine how much copper may be kept in field soil.
Worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide are dramatically altering ocean chemistry and threatening marine organisms, including corals. A landmark report, written by government and university scientists and released today, summarizes the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on the oceans and recommends future research into the impacts on marine biodiversity.
Proteins that regulate sleep and biological timing in the body work much differently than previously thought, meaning drug makers must change their approach to making drugs for sleep disorders and depression and other timing-related illnesses.
A new enzyme breaks down whole gluten molecules and the T cell peptides that cause celiac disease, a digestive malady whose only treatment is avoiding wheat, barley or rye products. Researchers say "there is now a realistic chance that oral supplementation" could work in combating celiac disease.
Gene amplification plays an important role in causing cancers. Researchers at Georgia Tech have discovered that the location of a hairpin-capped break relative to the end of the chromosome will determine the fate of the amplification event.
Researchers have identified a new protein required for the circadian response to light in fruit flies. Understanding how light affects 24-hour rhythms will likely open doors to future treatments of jetlag.
According to new GAO report, funding for wood products research has declined despite increased international competition facing U.S. forest products industry. More wood is consumed in the U.S. each year than all metals, plastics and masonry cement combined.
A newly discovered receptor in a strain of Escherichia coli can be blocked to avert infection, a finding that might aid in developing better therapies to treat bacterial infections resulting in food poisoning, diarrhea or plague.
Scientists towing an underwater digital microscope across the Atlantic have found possible missing links to the global nitrogen cycle, which in turn is linked to ocean productivity.
Scientists are making progress in reducing the levels of the potentially cancer-causing acrylamide from foods like potato chips, but reducing its presence in coffee is still a challenge, according to food science experts meeting here at the Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting + FOOD EXPO®.
Bioengineers at Tufts University have used a novel genetic engineering strategy to design and develop a new protein that combines for the first time the toughness of spider silk with the intricate structure of silica. The resulting nanocomposites could be used in bone repair and regeneration or other medical and industrial applications.
For the past three years, students, staff and volunteers from the University of Iowa Museum of Natural History, UI Department of Geoscience in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Office of the State Archaeologist have been excavating, analyzing and carefully reconstructing the bones of an ice-age giant sloth from a site near Shenandoah, Iowa.
The government of Myanmar has established a protected area for, of all things, a partnership between fishermen and a small, gray beakless dolphin with a knack for herding fish into nets, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
A new ultrasonic technology could tell ice cream manufacturers and other food processors if foreign objects have fallen into their tasty product before customers find them at the bottom of their cones or on their dinner plates.
Scientists today reveal a function of a human protein, and this new understanding could later prove key in preventing Parkinson's disease.
Scientists at Whitehead Institute, in collaboration with colleagues at several research centers, have identified a key biological pathway that, when obstructed, causes Parkinson's symptoms. Even more importantly, they have figured out how to repair that pathway and restore normal neurological function in certain animal models.
A tiny fluid-filled channel on a microchip that allows single cells to be treated and analyzed could lead to advances in drug and gene screening and early disease diagnosis.
If someone hadn't thought to make team uniforms the same color, we might be stuck watching World Cup soccer matches with only two players and a ref. It is that color coding, psychologists have now demonstrated, that allows spectators, players and coaches at major sporting events to overcome humans' natural limit of tracking no more than three objects at a time.
Aging -- a random affair? A study by Buck faculty provides first molecular evidence that some aspects of aging are likely out of our control.
The wind roared against the house. Shingles and tar paper flew off the roof, exposing bare plywood. The front window buckled, then shattered, shooting glass shards into the living room.
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