Doctors currently treat lung cancer with a chemotherapy combination of a platinum drug and another drug, says Boumber. But this treatment shrinks tumors or stops them from growing in only 40 to 50 percent of people. The chemotherapy often comes with side effects and doctors often have no way to tell which drug will help the person most when paired with the platinum drug. And in the end, the effects can be short-lived.
“Right now, with this chemotherapy approach, average survival is about 13 months from diagnosis,” says Boumber. “And 80 percent of patients have to stay with chemotherapy, while for many patients, the effectiveness chemotherapy can be relatively short lived. The treatment choices that were relatively limited a few years ago, now are expanding very rapidly.”
The Neptune clinical trial divides the people who join into two groups. One group receives the standard of care: chemotherapy using a platinum drug and another drug. The other group doesn’t use chemotherapy as a first line treatment. It uses a new class of drugs called immunotherapy, which harnesses the person’s own immune system to fight the cancer. Immunotherapy drugs can be more selective in killing cancer cells, leaving normal cells alone. Doctors can manage the serious side effects in the fewer than 10 percent of people who get them. In previous studies, immunotherapy was used only after chemotherapy failed. This clinical trial is one of the first ones to test immunotherapy as a first treatment for lung cancer.
The Neptune clinical trial tests two immune drugs: durvalumab and tremelimumab. Called “immune checkpoint inhibitors,” both act on immune cells in different ways to spur them into action. Cancer tumors often shut down the immune system by sending chemical signals to immune cells. These drugs prevent those signals from affecting immune cells, leaving the immune cells free to find and kill the cancer cells. And unlike chemotherapy, the effects of these changes to the immune system can be very long-lived.
Along with the Neptune clinical trial, three other clinical trials are set to open in the next three months. The clinical trials will combine immunotherapy drugs in different ways. Some clinical trials will focus on people who have gone through chemotherapy for lung cancer. Other clinical trials will focus on newly-diagnosed people who have not received treatment yet.
“The advantage of a [clinical] trial,” says Boumber, “is it gives you an opportunity to get additional therapy that you cannot get with the standard of care treatments. And these drugs have been tested for the last five years. They’re safe and very technologically advanced.”
For the 158,000 Americans expected to die from lung cancer this year, and the 1,000 New Mexicans who fight the disease, that’s great news.
About Yanis Boumber, MD, PhDYanis Boumber, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He co-leads the Lung/Aerodigestive multidisciplinary team at the UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center. Dr. Boumber joined the UNM Cancer Center from Fox Chase Comprehensive Cancer Center, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was an Assistant Professor in the Molecular Therapeutics Research Program. Originally from Russia, he received his medical degree from Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, and holds a doctorate in Cancer Biology and Molecular Biology from University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center. He completed his Residency at Good Samaritan Hospital, affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and completed Fellowship training in Hematology/Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is an expert in lung cancer metastasis, epigenetics and innovative trials in lung cancer, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy and EGFR and ALK targeted next generation agents.
About the Clinical TrialAstraZeneca (https://www.astrazeneca.com/) makes durvalumab and tremelimumab and sponsors the clinical trial “Study of 1st Line Therapy Study of MEDI4736 With Tremelimumab Versus SoC in Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (NEPTUNE).” The study is currently recruiting patients. To learn more about the clinical trial, visit https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02542293.
About the UNM Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center is the Official Cancer Center of New Mexico and the only National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center in a 400-mile radius. One of the premier cancer centers nationwide, the UNM CCC has 128 board-certified oncology physicians, forming New Mexico’s largest cancer care team. It treats about 60 percent of adults and virtually all the children in New Mexico diagnosed with cancer — more than 10,000 people— from every county in the state in more than 135,000 clinic visits each year. Through its partnership with the New Mexico Cancer Care Alliance, an “exemplary national model for cancer health care delivery,” the UNM CCC offers access to more than 160 clinical trials to New Mexicans in every part of the state. Annual research funding of more than $72 million supports the UNM CCC’s 132 cancer scientists. Working with partners at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, and New Mexico State University, they have developed new diagnostics and drugs for leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, liver and pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, and melanoma; garnered 33 new patents and 117 patents pending; and launched 13 new biotechnology companies since 2010. Learn more at cancer.unm.edu.
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