New Study Identifies Risk Factors for Depression among COPD Patients

Newswise — ATS 2013, PHILADELPHIA ─ Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically suffer from depression more frequently than those without COPD, resulting in higher levels of disability and illness and increasing the overall healthcare burden for the COPD population. Now, a study from researchers in Argentina indicates female COPD patients and patients who experience significant shortness of breath may have the greatest risk for developing depression.

The results of the study will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference.

“About 10 percent of the general population suffers from depression, and studies have shown that rate to be significantly higher in patients with COPD,” said study lead author Orlando Lopez Jove, MD, chief of the pulmonary laboratory at the Hospital Cetrangolo in Buenos Aires. “Not every COPD patient will suffer from depression, and being able to identify which patients are most at risk could be a valuable tool in ensuring those patients receive counseling and other treatment that could help improve their quality of life.

“In this study, we wanted to learn if factors including gender, lifestyle habits, COPD severity, shortness of breath and overall quality of life were related to the frequency of depression in COPD patients, and if they were related, to try to determine the extent of that relationship,” he said.

For their study, the researchers evaluated 113 COPD patients who were treated at the Hospital Cetrangolo in Buenos Aires from January 2009 to March 2011 and who had not had exacerbations of their disease within the previous 30-day period. Patients were evaluated for pulmonary function and for the degree of shortness of breath they experienced, as well as other physical characteristics including weight and body mass index (BMI). The researchers used previous diagnoses of depression and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to determine the presence and level of depression and the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to evaluate quality of life measures for each patient, and they also looked at specific lifestyle factors and habits like smoking and evaluated family history of depression. Patients were considered to be physically active if they engaged in physical activity for at least 150 minutes each week, the amount recommended by the American Heart Association to maintain good health.

At the end of the study, the researchers discovered that while the severity of COPD and smoking had no bearing on whether or not a patient had depression or their level of depression, patients who were female and those experiencing significant shortness of breath were at a significantly greater risk for the condition. They also found that the presence of depression and its intensity had a direct bearing on a patient’s quality of life, affecting both the total quality-of-life score and the score for individual factors measured by the SGRQ.

The researchers also identified physical activity as a protective factor against depression, meaning patients who had higher levels of physical activity were less prone to developing depression.

“Depression is a disorder which remains easily undiagnosed due to underpresentation and because the symptoms are not very specific,” said Dr. Lopez Jove, who is also vice-director of the pathophysiology department at the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT). “Therefore, it is important to consider this disorder in patients with COPD, especially in female patients and patients who experience significant shortness of breath.

A future planned study will help evaluate how treatment of depression affects these patients and their quality of life, he said.

“COPD patients have to deal not only with the physical consequences of the disease, but they also must deal with the psychological consequences of COPD,” Dr. Lopez Jove noted. “Patients with depression often suffer from low self-confidence or self-efficacy, and early diagnosis and treatment of depression is very important for improving a patient’s quality of life, maximizing healthcare utilization and improving treatment outcomes.”

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* Please note that numbers in this release may differ slightly from those in the abstract. Many of these investigations are ongoing; the release represents the most up-to-date data available at press time.

Abstract 39776Depression In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Relationship To Dyspnea Degrees And Impact On Quality Of Life (Qol)Type: Scientific AbstractCategory: 09.03 - COPD: Comorbidities (CP)Authors: O.R. Lopez Jove1, A. Galdames2, V. Barrionuevo2, E. Giugno3, S. Rey2, Y.F. Wu4, G. Tabaj2, E. Lopez Gonzalez5; 1Hopital Cetrangolo - Buenos Aires/AR, 2Hospital “Dr. Antonio A.Cetrángolo” - Vicente Lopez - Buenos Aires/AR, 3Hospital “Dr. Antonio A.Cetrángolo” - 1147912090/AR, 4Hopital Cetrangolo - Vicente Lopez- Buenos Aires/AR, 5Argentine Diabetes Society - Caba/AR

Abstract BodyBackground: The prevalence of depression in the general population is around 10%, being higher in patients with COPD. The presence of this comorbidity increases morbidity, disability, and health care burden.Aims: To evaluate the frequency of depression in COPD patients and its relationship with gender, habits, COPD severity, degree of dyspnea and QoL.Material and methods: we performed an observational, prospective study at Hospital "Dr. Cetrángolo", Argentina, in patients with COPD according to GOLD criteria (stages I to IV) without exacerbations in the last month. Evaluation included the following issues: anthropometric measures, pulmonary function tests, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC) from 0 to 4. The SGRQ measures QoL dimensions: symptoms, activity, and impact. It has total and individual scores. Depression was considered in patients who had former diagnosis or with a BDI score >9 points. Physical activity was considered if was performed for more than 150 minutes (=3 times)/week. Statistical Analysis: Chi2 test, Student's t test, Pearson correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Software: Intercooled STATA.Results: We evaluated 113 patients, mean age 63.1± 8.3 years. 33 females (28.9%). Current smokers: 18.6%. Smoking intensity: 56.1±29.2 packs/year. Family history of depression: 13(11.2%). GOLD stage: Stage I: 2.6%, Stage II: 47.8%, Stage III: 37.2%, Stage IV: 12.4%. BMI: mean 26.9±4.7 kg/m2. The mean scores in each dimension of SGRQ were: total 46.2 ± 18.7, symptoms 50.1 ± 20.5, activity 61.1 ± 22.4 and impact 35.4 ± 19.2.Depression n=51 (45.3%): patients who had previous diagnosis 7 (13.7%); diagnosed by BDI 44 (86.3%), BDI mean 11.4±8.4 points.Depression was associated with: female gender (rough OR: 4.14, p <0.007), dyspnea (OR: 4.48, p<0.005). Protective factor: physical activity (OR: 0.29, p<0.02). Severity of COPD (OR: 0.89, p<0.79), and smoking (OR: 1.43, p<0.52) have not association.Risk factors for depression (logistic regression) were: female gender (OR=5.37; IC 1.76-16.37; p<0,003) and higher degree of dyspnea (OR =5.73; IC 95%=1.89-17.40; p<0,002).Depression impacts on Quality of Life measured by SGRQ in total and in each dimension.Conclusions: We found depression as a common finding in this sample of COPD individuals. Female gender, and higher degree of dyspnea were predictors. Physical activity was a protective factor. Depression was associated with greater impairment in QoL. Screening for depression may be necessary in COPD patients.