Global Temperature Report: December 2010
2010 finishes in a statistical tie as the warmest year in the past 32
Global climate trend since Nov. 16, 1978: +0.14 C per decade
December temperatures (preliminary)
Global composite temp.: +0.18 C (about 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit) above 30-year average for December.
Northern Hemisphere: +0.21 C (about 0.38 degrees Fahrenheit) above 30-year average for December.
Southern Hemisphere: +0.15 C (about 0.26 degrees Fahrenheit) above 30-year average for December.
Tropics: -0.22 C (about 0.40 degrees Fahrenheit) below 30-year average for December.
November temperatures (revised):
Global Composite: +0.27 C above 30-year average
Northern Hemisphere: +0.37 C above 30-year average
Southern Hemisphere: +0.17 C above 30-year average
Tropics: -0.12 C below 30-year average
(All temperature anomalies are based on a 30-year average (1981-2010) for the month reported.)
Notes on data released Jan. 5, 2011:
The year 2010 finished in a photo finish with 1998 for the warmest year in the 32-year satellite temperature record, according to Dr. John Christy, professor of atmospheric science and director of the Earth System Science Center at he University of Alabama in Huntsville. 2010 was only 0.013 C cooler than 1998, an amount that is not statistically significant.
Both 1998 and 2010 were years in which an El Nino Pacific Ocean warming event raised temperatures around the globe. In recent months a La Nina Pacific Ocean cooling event has been building; temperatures in the tropics were cooler than seasonal norms for both November and December.
Annual Global Average Anomaly(Warmest to Coolest)*
1. 1998 +0.424 C#2. 2010 +0.411 C 3. 2005 +0.251 C 4. 2002 +0.220 C 5. 2009 +0.187 C 6. 2003 +0.185 C 7. 2006 +0.175 C 8. 2007 +0.168 C 9. 2001 +0.112 C10. 2004 +0.104 C11. 1991 +0.025 C12. 1987 +0.018 C12. 1995 +0.018 C14. 1988 +0.017 C15. 1980 -0.003 C16. 1990 -0.017 C17. 1981 -0.040 C18. 2008 -0.041 C19. 1997 -0.044 C20. 1999 -0.051 C21. 1983 -0.056 C21. 2000 -0.056 C23. 1996 -0.071 C24. 1994 -0.104 C25. 1979 -0.165 C26. 1989 -0.202 C27. 1986 -0.239 C28. 1993 -0.240 C29. 1982 -0.245 C30. 1992 -0.284 C31. 1985 -0.304 C32. 1984 -0.348 C
*Compared to 30-year seasonal norms
The globe continues to warm unevenly, with warming increasing as you go north: The Arctic Ocean has warmed an average of 1.66 C (about 2.99 degrees Fahrenheit) in the past 32 years. By comparison, the Antarctic continent has cooled about 0.29 C (more than half a degree Fahrenheit) during the same time.
The continental, contiguous U.S. has warmed by about 0.67 C (about 1.21 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1979.
Climate trends since November 1979(Degrees C per decade)
Globe Land Ocean+0.14 +0.18 +0.12
NH Land Ocean+0.21 +0.24 +0.17
SH Land Ocean+0.08 +0.07 +0.08
Trpcs Land Ocean+0.08 +0.10 +0.07(The tropics extend from 20N to 20S latitude)
NoExt Land Ocean+0.27 +0.28 +0.25(NoExt goes from 20N to 85N latitude)
SoExt Land Ocean+0.07 +0.04 +0.08(SoExt goes from 20S to 85S latitude)
NoPol Land Ocean+0.47 +0.44 +0.52(The North Polar region is from 60N to 85N latitude)
SoPol Land Ocean-0.07 -0.09 -0.06(The South Polar region is from 60S to 85S latitude)
USA48+0.21
Technical Note:
Beginning with this Global Temperature Report, the baseline period used to determine seasonal norms changes. It has been the 20-year (1979 to 1998) period at the beginning of the satellite record. Starting this month the report will use a new 30-year (1981 to 2010) reference average to match the climatological period normally used with climate data by the U.N.'s World Meteorological Organization.
"This will not affect the long term trend, which is the most important of the numbers we produce, but will 'reshuffle' anomalies to reflect the new base period," said Christy.
* * *As part of an ongoing joint project between UAHuntsville, NOAA and NASA, Christy and Dr. Roy Spencer, a principal research scientist in the ESSC, use data gathered by advanced microwave sounding units on NOAA and NASA satellites to get accurate temperature readings for almost all regions of the Earth. This includes remote desert, ocean and rain forest areas where reliable climate data are not otherwise available.
The satellite-based instruments measure the temperature of the atmosphere from the surface up to an altitude of about eight kilometers above sea level. Once the monthly temperature data is collected and processed, it is placed in a "public" computer file for immediate access by atmospheric scientists in the U.S. and abroad.
Neither Christy nor Spencer receives any research support or funding from oil, coal or industrial companies or organizations, or from any private or special interest groups. All of their climate research funding comes fromfederal and state grants or contracts.
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