UTS researchers have previously discovered the coral species 'Porites lutea' thrives in both mangrove and reef sites.
Newswise — The scientists from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and the University of Haifa, Israel, are currently studying resilient corals, commonly known as 'super corals,' with the hope of harnessing their potential to counter the impacts of climate change on coral reefs. These researchers aim to gain a deeper understanding of these remarkable corals, which could lead to the development of effective strategies for safeguarding delicate ecosystems like the Great Barrier Reef.
Dr. Emma Camp, a researcher from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and co-lead of the study published in the journal Nature Communications, emphasizes the substantial implications of their findings on the future survival and suitability of resilient corals for restoration initiatives.
According to Dr. Camp, comprehending the mechanisms behind how corals adapt and thrive in challenging environments is vital for formulating successful conservation strategies.
The study's primary emphasis is on the reef-building coral species, Porites lutea, which UTS researchers have previously identified as thriving in both mangrove and reef locations.
Mangrove lagoons exhibit harsh conditions akin to the anticipated future climate predictions for coral reefs: warmer water, increased acidity, and reduced oxygen levels.
"Our research initially showed promise with the discovery of 'super corals' in mangrove lagoons. However, it also sheds light on potential risks linked to selective adaptation, such as decreased genetic diversity and compromised skeletal properties."
The corals found in mangrove lagoons exhibit stress-tolerance traits due to their exposure to significant variations in various environmental conditions.
Nonetheless, these adaptations come with a trade-off: a significant finding was the diminished genetic diversity and gene expression variability observed among mangrove corals.
Professor Tali Mass, a co-lead researcher from the University of Haifa, remarked, "While these adaptations enable their survival in the present harsh conditions, they might hinder their capacity to cope with future environmental stressors."
Additionally, the study revealed changes in the skeletal structure of Porites lutea found in mangrove lagoons.
These corals displayed higher porosity and decreased density, which could potentially jeopardize their long-term survival if they were to be relocated to high wave sites.
Dr. Camp emphasizes that these findings challenge existing beliefs about the resilience of corals
"It is undeniable that 'super corals' have a crucial role to play in coral restoration programs. However, preserving genetic diversity and carefully evaluating the suitability of corals adapted to extreme environments are essential factors when designing restoration efforts," she explained.
Researchers from UTS are currently investigating the optimal ways to incorporate 'super corals' into the activities of the Coral Nurture Program, aiming to preserve genetic diversity and minimize potential risks.
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